(second midterm) Lecture 9 (5/4/16)

Question 1

Review:

The aortic arches give rise to..

Answer 1

1: mostly disappears (except for maxillary artery)
2: gone
3: carotid artery
4: arch of the aorta on left
5: gone
6: pulmonary arch (artery to lungs, NOT the lungs themselves)

Question 2

Review:

On the left side, the recurrent laryngeal nerve “hooks” around what?

Answer 2

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 3

While a fetus is in the mom, what are the lungs doing?

Answer 3

small and collapsed
filled with amniotic fluid
not transferring gas

Question 4

There are 2 ways for the blood to bypass the lung:

Answer 4

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

Question 5

Where is the foramen ovale?

Answer 5

a hole between the right and left atria

allows blood to pass from right side to left side and not ever get pumped to lungs

Question 6

Where is the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 6

it is a connection between the sixth aortic arch on the left side and the arch of the aorta also on the left side.
it joins up with the partially oxygenated blood that is being pumped out of the left ventricle,

Question 7

True or false:

The ductus arteriosus is large.

Answer 7

true;

it is almost the same size as the aorta

Question 8

How does the blood get into the placenta?

Answer 8

via the umbilical artery

Question 9

What is the “old connection” of the umbilical artery?

Answer 9

the distal end of the internal iliac artery

Question 10

Which one of the atria is experiencing the most “back” pressure?

Answer 10

right atrium

*lungs are trying to send it back

Question 11

The umbilical artery usually remains on only one side; usually what side is it?

Answer 11

the left side

Question 12

How does the blood from the placenta come back?

Answer 12

umbilical vein

Question 13

Pathway of blood coming back into fetus into the heart

Answer 13

Umbilical vein
Interal iliac
Common iliac
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium

Question 14

There’s another bypass but from the placenta to the upper region of the inferior vena cava. What does it bypass and what is it called?

Answer 14

Ductus venosus

bypasses liver

Question 15

The “best” blood is the “best” because it bypasses the liver (since mom already filtered that blood). When it is entering the heart via the inferior vena cava, what happens when it gets to the heart?

Answer 15

It shoots directly into foramen ovale and into left atrium

Question 16

If things didn’t change at birth, what would happen?

Answer 16

1. right blood would continuously spill to the left side via foramen ovale
2. blood of pulmonary arch would miss the lung and go to the aorta, mixing there
3. you would get hypoxia - lack of adequate oxygen in arterial blood
4. lungs would be bypassed continuously, deteriorating quickly

Question 17

In the fetus, foramen ovale is covered by an _____________ that allows blood to pass from R to L atrium, but not in opposite direction

Answer 17

interatrial flap valve

Question 18

How does the ductus arteriosus close and become the ligament arteriosum?

Answer 18

a powerful vasoconstriction

Question 19

What does the umbilical vein become?

Answer 19

the round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres)

Question 20

The right recurrent branch of vagus nerve hooks around what?

Answer 20

right subclavian artery

Question 21

The foramen ovale fuses with the interatrial wall and becomes what?

Answer 21

fossa ovalis

Question 22

If the foramen ovale stays open, blood mixing occurs and what happens to the baby (according to powerpoint)?

Answer 22

“Blue baby”

Question 23

Fetal hemoglobin is really good at doing what?

Answer 23

binding to oxygen

Question 24

At approximately week 27-30, enzyme function in the fetal liver changes to promote storage of what?

Answer 24

glycogen

Question 25

Why is glycogen stored up?

Answer 25

as a food source in case of temporary starvation between birth and mother’s first ability to produce milk for nursing