(final) Lecture 14 (5/25/16) PT. 2

Question 1

Development of parathyroid gland:

Answer 1

Develop from endodermal thickening in floor of early pharynx and epithelium of 3rd and 4th gill slit pouches

Question 2

Innervation of parathyroid gland:

Answer 2

Vagus

Question 3

Parathyroid gland
Arterial supply:
Venous drainage:

Answer 3

A: superior and inferior thyroid arteries
V: superior, middle, & inferior thyroid veins
*same at thyroid gland

Question 4

Function of parathyroid gland:

Answer 4

Parathyroid hormone (PTH): raises the level of calcium in the blood, by inhibiting osteoblasts and promoting osteoclasts, and promoting calcium reabsorption by the kidneys

Question 5

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is partially antagonistic to…

Answer 5

calcitonin of thyroid gland

Question 6

Adrenal gland location:

Answer 6

on cranial (superior) surface of kidney ("suprarenal" gland).
have inner medulla and outer cortex

Question 7

Adrenal gland development
Medulla:
Cortex:

Answer 7

M: neural crest cells that are derived from adjacent sympathetic ganglion
C: mesoderm of posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

Adrenal gland innervation:

Answer 8

adjacent sympathetic fibers

*no parasympathetic

Question 9

Adrenal gland
Arterial supply:
Venous drainage:

Answer 9

A: adrenal arteries
V: adrenal veins

Question 10

Adrenal cortex functions:

Answer 10

Mineralcorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Androgens

Question 11

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 11

an adrenal cortex function

regulates sodium retention and potassium loss (e.g. aldosterone)

Question 12

Glucocorticoids

Answer 12

an adrenal cortex function

acts as anti-inflammatory agents; affect metabolism of food

Question 13

Androgens

Answer 13

an adrenal cortex function

regulates control over rapid growth spurts in preadolescents

Question 14

Adrenal medulla functions:

Answer 14

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Question 15

Adrenaline (epinephrine):

Answer 15

an adrenal medulla function

increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 16

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine):

Answer 16

an adrenal medulla function

constricts arterioles

Question 17

Pancreas development:

Answer 17

diverticulum of embryonic foregut

dorsal and ventral embryonic buds eventually fuse

Question 18

Pancreas innervation
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:

Answer 18

S: greater splanchnic nerve
P: vagus

Question 19

Pancreas arterial supply:

Answer 19

pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branches of celiac and superior mesenteric)

Question 20

Pancreas venous drainage:

Answer 20

pancreaticoduodenal vein (tributary of splenic vein)

Question 21

Pancreas functions:

Answer 21

glucagon

insulin

Question 22

glucagon:

Answer 22

function of pancreas
from alpha cells of pancreatic islets; raises blood glucose level

Question 23

insulin:

Answer 23

function of pancreas
from beta cells of pancreatic islets; lowers blood glucose level

Question 24

Ovary development:

Answer 24

intermediate mesoderm

Question 25

Ovary innervation
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:

Answer 25

S: level T12; follows least splanchnic nerve
P: sacral outflow

Question 26

Ovary arterial supply:

Answer 26

ovarian artery - branch of abdominal aorta

Question 27

Ovary venous drainage:

Answer 27

ovarian vein; dump into inferior vena cava

Question 28

Ovary functions:

Answer 28

estrogens

progesterone + estrogens

Question 29

Estrogens:

Answer 29

stimulate development of female organs and sexual characteristics

Question 30

Progesterone + estrogens:

Answer 30

regulate menstrual cycle; maintain pregnancy in presence of developing embryo or fetus

Question 31

Testes germ layer development:

Answer 31

intermediate mesoderm

Question 32

What ligament descends on each side of abdomen from inferior pole of gonad?

Answer 32

gubernaculum

Question 33

The gubernaculum passes obliquely through developing anterior abdominal wall at site of future inguinal canal and attaches at internal surface of labioscrotal swelling. What does this turn into?

Answer 33

scrotum in males

labia majora in females

Question 34

Testes innervation
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:

Answer 34

S: T10-12
P: sacral outflow

Question 35

Testes arterial supply:

Answer 35

testicular artery
(branch off abdominal aorta but sometimes renal artery)

Question 36

Testes venous drainage:
Dumps into:
Forms what?

Answer 36

testicular vein
dumps into inferior vena cava
forms pampiniform plexus

Question 37

Testes function:

Answer 37

testosterone; stimulates development of male sex organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and behavioral features.

Question 38

Functions of testosterone and its secretion is tied to secretion of ____________

Answer 38

Lutenizing hormone (LH)
(from anterior pituitary)