(final) Lecture 14 (5/25/16) PT. 2 Flashcards
Development of parathyroid gland:
Develop from endodermal thickening in floor of early pharynx and epithelium of 3rd and 4th gill slit pouches
Innervation of parathyroid gland:
Vagus
Parathyroid gland
Arterial supply:
Venous drainage:
A: superior and inferior thyroid arteries
V: superior, middle, & inferior thyroid veins
*same at thyroid gland
Function of parathyroid gland:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): raises the level of calcium in the blood, by inhibiting osteoblasts and promoting osteoclasts, and promoting calcium reabsorption by the kidneys
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is partially antagonistic to…
calcitonin of thyroid gland
Adrenal gland location:
on cranial (superior) surface of kidney ("suprarenal" gland).
have inner medulla and outer cortexAdrenal gland development
Medulla:
Cortex:
M: neural crest cells that are derived from adjacent sympathetic ganglion
C: mesoderm of posterior abdominal wall
Adrenal gland innervation:
adjacent sympathetic fibers
*no parasympathetic
Adrenal gland
Arterial supply:
Venous drainage:
A: adrenal arteries
V: adrenal veins
Adrenal cortex functions:
Mineralcorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
Mineralcorticoids
an adrenal cortex function
regulates sodium retention and potassium loss (e.g. aldosterone)
Glucocorticoids
an adrenal cortex function
acts as anti-inflammatory agents; affect metabolism of food
Androgens
an adrenal cortex function
regulates control over rapid growth spurts in preadolescents
Adrenal medulla functions:
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
Adrenaline (epinephrine):
an adrenal medulla function
increases heart rate and blood pressure
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine):
an adrenal medulla function
constricts arterioles
Pancreas development:
diverticulum of embryonic foregut
dorsal and ventral embryonic buds eventually fuse
Pancreas innervation
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:
S: greater splanchnic nerve
P: vagus
Pancreas arterial supply:
pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branches of celiac and superior mesenteric)
Pancreas venous drainage:
pancreaticoduodenal vein (tributary of splenic vein)
Pancreas functions:
glucagon
insulin
glucagon:
function of pancreas from alpha cells of pancreatic islets; raises blood glucose level
insulin:
function of pancreas from beta cells of pancreatic islets; lowers blood glucose level
Ovary development:
intermediate mesoderm
Ovary innervation
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:
S: level T12; follows least splanchnic nerve
P: sacral outflow
Ovary arterial supply:
ovarian artery - branch of abdominal aorta
Ovary venous drainage:
ovarian vein; dump into inferior vena cava
Ovary functions:
estrogens
progesterone + estrogens
Estrogens:
stimulate development of female organs and sexual characteristics
Progesterone + estrogens:
regulate menstrual cycle; maintain pregnancy in presence of developing embryo or fetus
Testes germ layer development:
intermediate mesoderm
What ligament descends on each side of abdomen from inferior pole of gonad?
gubernaculum
The gubernaculum passes obliquely through developing anterior abdominal wall at site of future inguinal canal and attaches at internal surface of labioscrotal swelling. What does this turn into?
scrotum in males
labia majora in females
Testes innervation
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic:
S: T10-12
P: sacral outflow
Testes arterial supply:
testicular artery (branch off abdominal aorta but sometimes renal artery)
Testes venous drainage:
Dumps into:
Forms what?
testicular vein
dumps into inferior vena cava
forms pampiniform plexus
Testes function:
testosterone; stimulates development of male sex organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and behavioral features.
Functions of testosterone and its secretion is tied to secretion of ____________
Lutenizing hormone (LH) (from anterior pituitary)
