(final) Lecture 13 (5/23/16) PT. 1 Flashcards
What does an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?
increases permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water
Secretion of ADH causes what?
retention of water in the body
more concentrated urine
If you reabsorb less water into your kidney, then that means that more of that water will stay in your urine. This means your urine…
will be more diluted (watery)
will have greater volume
Diuresis:
increased urination
Since the ADH increases permeability to water, what happens to the water?
more water can escape out of it into the increasing concentration gradient
The increasing concentration gradient was set up by what?
Loop of Henle
Inhibition of ADH does what?
decreases permeability of collecting tubule to water
With inhibition of ADH, what happens to the water?
less water can escape out of it into the increasing concentration gradient
The nervous system is predominantly electrical or chemical?
electrical
*though neurotransmitters are chemicals that diffuse between neurons
Endocrine structures communicate by secreting chemicals into what?
the circulatory system
Animals have specialized tissues that secrete regulatory molecules into…
interstitial tissue
blood
These specialized tissues that secrete regulatory molecules act on what?
target cells
The tissues that produce these specialized molecules are…..
And the messenger molecules are….
endocrine glands
hormones
By interaction of a hormone molecule with particular receptor molecules, what happens?
the initiation (in the target cell) of a series of steps that influence one or more aspects of the physiology or metabolism of the target cell
What kind of cells are affected by a certain hormone?
only cells that contain receptors specific for the hormone
target cells or target organs
Basic properties of hormones:
They are produced and secreted by endocrine cells (in trace amounts)
They circulate in blood/lymph
They only react with specific receptor
They can have catalytic qualities
They can have multiple effects on a single target tissue
Classifications of hormones:
Kinetic effects
Metabolic effects
Morphogenetic effects
Kinetic effects:
generally movements of some kind
examples: pigment migration, muscle contraction (smooth), glandular secretion
Metabolic effects:
consisting mainly of changes in the rate and balance of chemical reactions and concentrations in the body
Morphogenetic effects:
have to do with growth and differentiation
Regulation of hormone secretion is generally “modulated” by…
negative feedback
The concentration of hormone itself, or a product of the response to the hormone by a target tissue, will have what kind of effect? On what?
inhibitory effect
on the synthetic or secretory processes responsible for the original production of the hormone
Decrease in blood pressure causes _______ in amount of extracellular fluid.
decrease
Decrease in blood pressure causes decrease in amount of what?
extracellular fluid
A change in fluid pressure in the extracellular region is sensed by what?
juxtaglomerular cells
What causes the juxtaglomerular cells to release their hormone? And what hormone is it?
decrease in extracellular pressure and blood pressure near distal convoluted tubule
hormone is renin
Decrease in extracellular pressure and blood pressure near distal convoluted tubule causes what?
causes juxtaglomerular cells to release the hormone renin
Renin in blood stream converts the liver enzyme ____________ into ____________.
angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1
Angiotensinogen is an enzyme where?
the liver
Angiotensin converting enzyme converts _____________ into ___________.
angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2
Where is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) found?
in the lung capillaries
Angiotensin 2 causes what to secrete/release aldosterone?
adrenal gland
Angiotensin 2 causes adrenal gland to secrete/release aldosterone. This stimulates…
ADH secretion
ADH secretion stimulates…
thirst and constricts arterioles
High concentrations of ADH also cause…
vasoconstriction
Aldosterone stimulates…
the retention of sodium ions
Aldosterone with the effects of ADH leads to…
an increase in H2O reabsorption
Where does ADH come from?
the brain
If urine volume is decreased, what happens to fluid, blood volume, and blood pressure?
fluid is retained
BV increases
BP increases
