(final) Lecture 13 (5/23/16) PT. 1

Question 1

What does an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

Answer 1

increases permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water

Question 2

Secretion of ADH causes what?

Answer 2

retention of water in the body

more concentrated urine

Question 3

If you reabsorb less water into your kidney, then that means that more of that water will stay in your urine. This means your urine…

Answer 3

will be more diluted (watery)

will have greater volume

Question 4

Diuresis:

Answer 4

increased urination

Question 5

Since the ADH increases permeability to water, what happens to the water?

Answer 5

more water can escape out of it into the increasing concentration gradient

Question 6

The increasing concentration gradient was set up by what?

Answer 6

Loop of Henle

Question 7

Inhibition of ADH does what?

Answer 7

decreases permeability of collecting tubule to water

Question 8

With inhibition of ADH, what happens to the water?

Answer 8

less water can escape out of it into the increasing concentration gradient

Question 9

The nervous system is predominantly electrical or chemical?

Answer 9

electrical

*though neurotransmitters are chemicals that diffuse between neurons

Question 10

Endocrine structures communicate by secreting chemicals into what?

Answer 10

the circulatory system

Question 11

Animals have specialized tissues that secrete regulatory molecules into…

Answer 11

interstitial tissue

blood

Question 12

These specialized tissues that secrete regulatory molecules act on what?

Answer 12

target cells

Question 13

The tissues that produce these specialized molecules are…..
And the messenger molecules are….

Answer 13

endocrine glands

hormones

Question 14

By interaction of a hormone molecule with particular receptor molecules, what happens?

Answer 14

the initiation (in the target cell) of a series of steps that influence one or more aspects of the physiology or metabolism of the target cell

Question 15

What kind of cells are affected by a certain hormone?

Answer 15

only cells that contain receptors specific for the hormone

target cells or target organs

Question 16

Basic properties of hormones:

Answer 16

They are produced and secreted by endocrine cells (in trace amounts)
They circulate in blood/lymph
They only react with specific receptor
They can have catalytic qualities
They can have multiple effects on a single target tissue

Question 17

Classifications of hormones:

Answer 17

Kinetic effects
Metabolic effects
Morphogenetic effects

Question 18

Kinetic effects:

Answer 18

generally movements of some kind

examples: pigment migration, muscle contraction (smooth), glandular secretion

Question 19

Metabolic effects:

Answer 19

consisting mainly of changes in the rate and balance of chemical reactions and concentrations in the body

Question 20

Morphogenetic effects:

Answer 20

have to do with growth and differentiation

Question 21

Regulation of hormone secretion is generally “modulated” by…

Answer 21

negative feedback

Question 22

The concentration of hormone itself, or a product of the response to the hormone by a target tissue, will have what kind of effect? On what?

Answer 22

inhibitory effect

on the synthetic or secretory processes responsible for the original production of the hormone

Question 23

Decrease in blood pressure causes _______ in amount of extracellular fluid.

Answer 23

decrease

Question 24

Decrease in blood pressure causes decrease in amount of what?

Answer 24

extracellular fluid

Question 25

A change in fluid pressure in the extracellular region is sensed by what?

Answer 25

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 26

What causes the juxtaglomerular cells to release their hormone? And what hormone is it?

Answer 26

decrease in extracellular pressure and blood pressure near distal convoluted tubule
hormone is renin

Question 27

Decrease in extracellular pressure and blood pressure near distal convoluted tubule causes what?

Answer 27

causes juxtaglomerular cells to release the hormone renin

Question 28

Renin in blood stream converts the liver enzyme ____________ into ____________.

Answer 28

angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1

Question 29

Angiotensinogen is an enzyme where?

Answer 29

the liver

Question 30

Angiotensin converting enzyme converts _____________ into ___________.

Answer 30

angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

Question 31

Where is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) found?

Answer 31

in the lung capillaries

Question 32

Angiotensin 2 causes what to secrete/release aldosterone?

Answer 32

adrenal gland

Question 33

Angiotensin 2 causes adrenal gland to secrete/release aldosterone. This stimulates…

Answer 33

ADH secretion

Question 34

ADH secretion stimulates…

Answer 34

thirst and constricts arterioles

Question 35

High concentrations of ADH also cause…

Answer 35

vasoconstriction

Question 36

Aldosterone stimulates…

Answer 36

the retention of sodium ions

Question 37

Aldosterone with the effects of ADH leads to…

Answer 37

an increase in H2O reabsorption

Question 38

Where does ADH come from?

Answer 38

the brain

Question 39

If urine volume is decreased, what happens to fluid, blood volume, and blood pressure?

Answer 39

fluid is retained
BV increases
BP increases