(first midterm) Lecture 3 (4.11.16) PT. 2 Flashcards
RBCs have particular _______ on their surfaces.
proteins
Agglutination:
blood cells clump up in combination with different (incompatible) kinds of blood
Two different versions of the proteins on RBCs are called ____________.
Agglutinogens: A and B
Antigen:
any substance that, as a result of coming into contact with appropriate tissues, induces a state of sensitivity and which reacts in a demonstrable way with tissues of the sensitized subject
(unfamiliar material)
Antibody:
an immune response or protective protein (usually associated with a particular type of cell) that is characterized by reacting with a specific antigen
(recognizes and fights against unfamiliar material)
Cell surface protein A, you have ___ blood type antibodies that are anti-___.
A
anti-B
Cell surface protein B, you have ___ blood type antibodies that are anti-___.
B
anti-A
Cell surface protein AB, you have ___ blood type antibodies that are anti-___.
AB
no antibodies
Cell surface protein O, you have ___ blood type antibodies that are anti-___.
O
anti-A
anti-B
Type A blood is compatible with…
A, O
Type B blood is compatible with…
B, O
Type AB blood is compatible with…
A, B, AB, O
Type O blood is compatible with…
O
Universal donor:
O
Blood vessels from innermost to outermost…
Tunica intima (inner, middle, internal elastic) Tunica media Tunica adventitia (externa)
What layer is usually much thinner in veins?
tunica media
How do veins prevent backflow?
valves
The tunica media is the layer that contains _______ muscle.
smooth
What has more collagen, veins or arteries?
arteries (a lot more)
Are the blood vessels on the surface of the body veins or arteries?
veins
*arteries are deep
The arteries lead blood to the smallest _________, which lead to _________.
arterioles
capillaries
How does gas transfer happen?
The RBCs have to march “single file” which makes their surfaces RIGHT UP against the wall of the vessel; so close to the tissue, the oxygen diffuses from the hemoglobin off the RBC to the tissue.
After gas exchange in the capillaries, the blood goes to the smallest ________.
venules
The angiogenetic cell clusters in an embryo become what?
RBCs and blood vessels
RBCs come from the bone, but when don’t they?
in the embryo when they form the angiogenetic cell clusters
In the embryo, the cells that turn into the heart start where?
above the head
Consequences of the head fold include…
Distinction of the foregut and midgut
Heart placement on ventral part of body
The vagus nerve direction change
What is responsible for the distinction of the midgut and hindgut?
Tail fold
The “tube” leading out of the heart is called the
ventral aorta
