(final) Lecture 13 (5/23/16) PT. 2 Flashcards
Renal arteries are branches of what?
descending aorta
Branches of the renal arteries eventually give rise to…
glomeruli
Kidneys are drained by…
Which dumps into…
renal veins
inferior vena cava
Sympathetic innervation of kidneys:
Ganglion:
T5-T9 & T10-T11
celiac ganglion
Sympathetic function of kidneys:
may constrict the blood flow to afferent arterioles which decreases overall kidney output
Parasympathetic innervation of kidneys:
Synapse:
Vagus
synapse on target organ
Parasympathetic function:
may increase blood flow to kidneys
increase kidney filtration function
Vascularization of bladder
Artery:
Vein:
A: superior and inferior vesicle arteries
V: superior and inferior vesicle veins
Sympathetic innervation of bladder:
Synapse:
T12-L2
synapse in inferior mesenteric plexus and postgnaglionics leading to hypogastric plexus
Sympathetic function of bladder:
- inhibit constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor)
- contract sphincters
Parasympathetic innervation of the bladder:
Synapse:
pelvic nerve S2-4
synapse on bladder wall
Parasympathetic function of bladder:
- stimulate constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor)
- relax sphincters
Which germ layers will usually form epithelia?
ectoderm and endoderm
Nerve cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream are called…
neurosecretory cells
Where are neurosecretory cells found?
hypothalamus
Where does the pituitary gland sit?
sella turcica
Remember…
What bone contains the sella turcica?
in the medial cranial fossa of the sphenoid bone
Two lobes of pituitary:
Anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary
The stalk that connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary:
Infundibulum
The hypothalamus is derived from…
neural ectoderm
The hypothalamus is an outgrowth of…
the brain
The name of the posterior pituitary is…
And is an outgrowth of…
Derived from…
Neurohypophysis
hypothalamus
neural ectoderm
The name of the anterior pituitary is…
And is an outgrowth of…
Derived from…
Adenohypophysis
roof of mouth
ectoderm
Innervation of hypothalamus and pituitary gland:
“innervated by the brain”
- Noriega
Some hypothalamic neurons secrete what?
neurohormones
What do neurohormones do?
they go down infundibulum and terminate near capillaries serving posterior pituitary
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland…
Arterial supply:
Venous drainage
A: circulus arteriosus cerebri
V: cavernous venous sinus
Hypothalamic hormone pathway (released by neurohypophysis):
enclosed in vesicles that move down axon and accumulate near terminal ends that are close to the posterior pituitary’s capillaries
(neurohypophysis)
In response to an action potential, hormones are released from vesicles into…
venous capillaries
(neurohypophysis)
What are manufactured in the hypothalamus but released in the posterior pituitary?
oxytocin
vasopressin
(neurohypophysis)
Oxytocin and vasopressin re manufactured where? Released where?
hypothalamus
in the posterior pituitary
Hypothalamic hormone pathway (released by adenohypophysis):
enclosed in vesicles that move down axon and accumulate near terminal ends that are close to pituitary stalk
(adenohypophysis)
In response to an action potential, hormones are released from vesicles into…
pituitary portal system
