(first midterm) Lecture 3 (4.11.16) PT. 1 Flashcards
The lymphatic system may carry some WBCs, but it doesn’t carry ________.
RBCs
*this system is also not a circuit, like the cardiovascular system
Blood functions:
Transport
Protection
Regulation
What does the blood transport?
oxygen CO2 cellular waste nutrients hormones enzymes
How does the blood protect?
Immune response (WBCs) Serves in blood clotting
Colors of these in real life: Nerves Artery Veins Lymph
Nerves: yellow ish
Artery: off-white (bc of collagen)
Veins: dark reddish brown
Lymph: milky white
Describe the blood function of “regulation”
water balance
chemical levels
pH
body temperature
What group of tissue is blood usually associated with?
connective tissue
Blood is derived from cells where?
From where is it derived?
in bone marrow
mesoderm
Name of red blood cells:
erythrocytes
Name of white blood cells:
leukocytes
Blood components:
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma (about 55%)
About 90% of plasma is water, but what’s the remaining 10%?
proteins (3 main types)
Main types of proteins found plasma:
albumins
filbrinogen
globulins
Albumins:
one of the 3 main proteins in plasma
-promote water protection, which maintains normal blood volume and pressure
Fibrinogen:
one of the 3 main proteins in plasma
-essential for blood clotting
Globulins:
one of the 3 main proteins in plasma
- Alpha and Beta: transport fat-soluble materials and lipids
- Gamma function in preventing certain diseases
A mature red blood cell has no what?
no nucleus
Almost the entire volume of a red blood cell is taken up by what? What does it carry?
taken up by hemoglobin
carries oxygen
Red blood cell production…
Before birth:
Yolk sac
liver
spleen
Red blood cell production... After birth (normally):
large cells of bone marrow of certain bones (vertebrae, sternum, hip, long bones
Red blood cell production…
After trauma:
Spleen can come back into service
How long do blood cancer patients live?
180 days approx.
The “Heme” component of hemoglobin is what percent of the molecule?
5%
Reduced iron content does what to the blood’s ability to carry oxygen?
reduces the ability
After RBCs “dump” oxygen, what do they carry back?
CO2, but not much
**most of the CO2 from muscles will dissolve in plasma but not all of it
Most carbon dioxide reacts with water and is converted to what?
Carbonic acid
CO2 + H2O –> ____________ –> ________________
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-
Cells that eat other cells are…
Where does that most frequently happen?
phagocytic cells
liver and spleen
Describe the basic description of a WBC:
- retains nucleus
- live for a long time
- usually complexly shaped (“lobate”)
- outnumbered by RBC 1000 to 1
The RBC to WBC ratio is about 1000 to 1, but when is it “somewhat” higher?
in newborn infants
2 types of WBCs:
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
What type of WBC is derived from bone marrow (like RBCs)?
Granulocytes
Types of Granulocytes:
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Neutrophils:
phagocytes that seek out, engulf, and destroy microorganisms
- lumpy and bump
- multi-lobate nuclei
Eosinophils:
phagocytes particularly important for attacking parasites
- lobate (“B” shaped)
- mobile
Basophils:
regulate immunity against parasites and certain allergic responses; attacks things that are unfamiliar like dirt, dust, etc.
-elongate, lobed nuclei
Monocytes:
line vascular network of lymphatics and associated organs
- 4 to 5 times LARGER than the others
- very mobile
Monocytes come from where?
Bone marrow; osteocytes
Lymphocytes are what type of cells?
Agranulocytes
Are lymphocytes specific or nonspecific immune responses?
Specific
Where are lymphocytes commonly found?
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphoid tissue of gut
What do platelets stick to?
each other
collagen
NOT to other blood cells!
What do platelets do?
clot blood and act as a “plug”
