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Bio 224 > (first midterm) Lecture 3 (4.11.16) PT. 1 > Flashcards

(first midterm) Lecture 3 (4.11.16) PT. 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The lymphatic system may carry some WBCs, but it doesn’t carry ________.

A

RBCs

*this system is also not a circuit, like the cardiovascular system

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2
Q

Blood functions:

A

Transport
Protection
Regulation

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3
Q

What does the blood transport?

A 
oxygen
CO2
cellular waste
nutrients
hormones
enzymes
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4
Q

How does the blood protect?

A 
Immune response (WBCs)
Serves in blood clotting
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5
Q 
Colors of these in real life:
Nerves
Artery
Veins
Lymph
A

Nerves: yellow ish
Artery: off-white (bc of collagen)
Veins: dark reddish brown
Lymph: milky white

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6
Q

Describe the blood function of “regulation”

A

water balance
chemical levels
pH
body temperature

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7
Q

What group of tissue is blood usually associated with?

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

Blood is derived from cells where?

From where is it derived?

A

in bone marrow

mesoderm

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9
Q

Name of red blood cells:

A

erythrocytes

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10
Q

Name of white blood cells:

A

leukocytes

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11
Q

Blood components:

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma (about 55%)

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12
Q

About 90% of plasma is water, but what’s the remaining 10%?

A

proteins (3 main types)

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13
Q

Main types of proteins found plasma:

A

albumins
filbrinogen
globulins

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14
Q

Albumins:

A

one of the 3 main proteins in plasma

-promote water protection, which maintains normal blood volume and pressure

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15
Q

Fibrinogen:

A

one of the 3 main proteins in plasma

-essential for blood clotting

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16
Q

Globulins:

A

one of the 3 main proteins in plasma

  • Alpha and Beta: transport fat-soluble materials and lipids
  • Gamma function in preventing certain diseases
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17
Q

A mature red blood cell has no what?

A

no nucleus

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18
Q

Almost the entire volume of a red blood cell is taken up by what? What does it carry?

A

taken up by hemoglobin

carries oxygen

19
Q

Red blood cell production…

Before birth:

A

Yolk sac
liver
spleen

20
Q 
Red blood cell production...
After birth (normally):
A

large cells of bone marrow of certain bones (vertebrae, sternum, hip, long bones

21
Q

Red blood cell production…

After trauma:

A

Spleen can come back into service

22
Q

How long do blood cancer patients live?

A

180 days approx.

23
Q

The “Heme” component of hemoglobin is what percent of the molecule?

A

5%

24
Q

Reduced iron content does what to the blood’s ability to carry oxygen?

A

reduces the ability

25
Q

After RBCs “dump” oxygen, what do they carry back?

A

CO2, but not much

**most of the CO2 from muscles will dissolve in plasma but not all of it

26
Q

Most carbon dioxide reacts with water and is converted to what?

A

Carbonic acid

27
Q

CO2 + H2O –> ____________ –> ________________

A

CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-

28
Q

Cells that eat other cells are…

Where does that most frequently happen?

A

phagocytic cells

liver and spleen

29
Q

Describe the basic description of a WBC:

A
  • retains nucleus
  • live for a long time
  • usually complexly shaped (“lobate”)
  • outnumbered by RBC 1000 to 1
30
Q

The RBC to WBC ratio is about 1000 to 1, but when is it “somewhat” higher?

A

in newborn infants

31
Q

2 types of WBCs:

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

32
Q

What type of WBC is derived from bone marrow (like RBCs)?

A

Granulocytes

33
Q

Types of Granulocytes:

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes

34
Q

Neutrophils:

A

phagocytes that seek out, engulf, and destroy microorganisms

  • lumpy and bump
  • multi-lobate nuclei
35
Q

Eosinophils:

A

phagocytes particularly important for attacking parasites

  • lobate (“B” shaped)
  • mobile
36
Q

Basophils:

A

regulate immunity against parasites and certain allergic responses; attacks things that are unfamiliar like dirt, dust, etc.
-elongate, lobed nuclei

37
Q

Monocytes:

A

line vascular network of lymphatics and associated organs

  • 4 to 5 times LARGER than the others
  • very mobile
38
Q

Monocytes come from where?

A

Bone marrow; osteocytes

39
Q

Lymphocytes are what type of cells?

A

Agranulocytes

40
Q

Are lymphocytes specific or nonspecific immune responses?

A

Specific

41
Q

Where are lymphocytes commonly found?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphoid tissue of gut

42
Q

What do platelets stick to?

A

each other
collagen
NOT to other blood cells!

43
Q

What do platelets do?

A

clot blood and act as a “plug”

Bio 224 (31 decks)

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