(second midterm) Lecture 8 (5/2/16) PT. 1

Question 1

The diaphragm is derived from….

Answer 1

hypaxial musculature of cervical segments

Question 2

What innervates diaphragm?

Answer 2

right and left phrenic nerves

C3, 4, 5

Question 3

How many arcuate ligaments are there? What do they do?

Answer 3

3
lateral (2), medial (2), median
they attach the diaphragm to ribs & sternum

Question 4

How does the aorta get through the diaphragm?

Answer 4

via the aortic opening

Question 5

How does the inferior vena cava get through the diaphragm from below?

Answer 5

via the canal opening

Question 6

How does the esophagus get through the diaphragm?

Answer 6

via the esophageal opening

Question 7

What are crura?

Answer 7

two muscular columns (right and left) that help attach diaphragm

Question 8

The center of the diaphragm become less meaty and more connective tissue-like; that area is called:

Answer 8

the central tendon

Question 9

Respiratory tree consists of…

Answer 9

Trachea > primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli

Question 10

Lung does NOT expand into ______.

Answer 10

cupola

Question 11

What is “pleurisy”?

Answer 11

painful chaffing between visceral and parietal pleura

Question 12

What is the partition between the right and left pleura and the enclosed lung?

Answer 12

the mediastinum

Question 13

Parasympathetic nervous control of lungs is innervated by..

Answer 13

Vagus nerve
(constriction)

Question 14

Opening of the respiratory tree is innervated by…

Answer 14

sympathetic fibers

Question 15

Sympathetic fibers that innervate respiratory tree go up into the neck and then come back down. Why?

Answer 15

because they started in the neck and they moved down

Question 16

What pulls up on 1st and 2nd ribs?

Answer 16

scalene muscles

Question 17

Each successive rib pulls on the next rib via what muscles?

Answer 17

intercostal muscles

Question 18

When the ribs move up and out, what happens to volume of thoracic cavity?

Answer 18

volume of thoracic cavity increases

Question 19

Innervation of scalenes:

Answer 19

C2-7

Question 20

What happens when the thoracic cavity volume increases?

Answer 20

Pressure decreases

Question 21

What happens when pressure decreases?

Answer 21

air gets sucked in

Question 22

When the diaphragm contracts, this does what to the thoracic volume?

Answer 22

increases it

Question 23

Forced inhalation:

Answer 23

facilitated by all the muscles of the ribcage, pressurizing coelom, and contracting limb muscles around the axial body wall

Question 24

Decreasing thoracic volume means we are…

Answer 24

blowing