(second midterm) Lecture 11 (5/11/16) PT. 1

Question 1

How is the pelvic girdle attached to the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

suture

Question 2

How many elements contribute to the human hip?

Answer 2

six

ilium x2, ischium x2, pubis x2

Question 3

The sacrum is originally how many independent vertebrae?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

What attaches from the ischial spine to the sacrum?

Answer 4

sacrospinous ligament

Question 5

What structures hold bone to bone?

Answer 5

ligament

Question 6

With the help of ligaments, the greater sciatic notch turns into the…

Answer 6

greater sciatic foramen

Question 7

Ligament running from sacrum to ischial tuberosity is called…

Answer 7

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 8

The sacrotuberous ligament closes off the ______ ______ notch and turns it into the ________ ________ foramen.

Answer 8

lesser sciatic

lesser sciatic

Question 9

The obturator foramen is covered over by what?

Answer 9

obturator membrane

Question 10

The sciatic nerve exits the pelvis through what?

And goes under what muscle?

Answer 10

greater sciatic foramen

piriformis

Question 11

What space lies internal to deepest layer (transversals fascia)?

Answer 11

deep perineal space

Question 12

What lies between urogenital diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 12

ischiorectal fossa

*filled with fat because of blood vessels and nerves

Question 13

What space is between urogenital diaphragm and superficial fascia plus skin?

Answer 13

superficial perineal space

Question 14

Pudendal nerve levels:

Answer 14

s2-4

Question 15

Levator ani components:

Answer 15

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Question 16

What innervates the components of the elevator ani?

Answer 16

branches from sacral plexus s4

Question 17

Puborectalis..
origin:
insertion:

Answer 17

origin: superior pubis ramus
insertion: anococcygeal ligament

Question 18

Pubococcygeus..
origin:
insertion:

Answer 18

origin: lateral to puborectalis
insertion: anococcygeal ligament

Question 19

Iliococcygeus..
origin:
insertion:

Answer 19

origin: internal obturator fascia
insertion: anococcygeal ligament + coccyx

Question 20

Perineal subdivision...
Superficial layers (urogenital diaphragm):

Answer 20

transversus perinei profundus
external anal sphincter
urethral sphincter

Question 21

Perineal subdivision…

Intermediate layers:

Answer 21

coccygeus

levator ani

Question 22

Perineal subdivision…

Deep layers:

Answer 22

transversalis fascia

Question 23

Transverse perinei profundus..
origin:
insertion:
innervation:

Answer 23

origin: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
insertion: perineal body, wall of vagina or prostate
innervation: pudendal (s2-4)

Question 24

External urethral sphincter
External anal sphincter...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:

Answer 24

origin: encircle urethra and anus
insertion: encircle urethra and anus
innervation: pudendal s2-4

Question 25

Coccygeus..
origin:
insertion:
innervation:

Answer 25

origin: coccyx
insertion: ischial spine
innervation: branches from sacral plexus s4, 5

Question 26

In the region of the perineum, are we in foregut, midgut, or hindgut?

Answer 26

hindgut

Question 27

“A skateboarder slides down a rail, crashes, and lands on his butt. He tells the nurse that he keeps pooping his pants. He said he farts a lot. I can’t digest food and my poop is watery. Where might the damage be?”

Answer 27

sacral outflow s2-4

it’s not just the sphincters because it’s affecting digestion

Question 28

Innervation…
Superficial layer:
Middle layer:
Deep layer:

Answer 28

Superficial layer: pudendal nerve (s2, 3, 4)
Middle layer: nerve to pelvic diaphragm (s4,5)
Deep layer: reduced to fascia, no innervation necessary

Question 29

What comes out of the inferior part of the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 29

inferior gluteal artery, nerve, vein
pudendal nerve
internal pudendal artery and vein

Question 30

What comes out of the superior part of the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 30

superior gluteal artery and nerve