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Bio 224 > (final) Lecture 14 (5/25/16) PT. 1 > Flashcards

(final) Lecture 14 (5/25/16) PT. 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

(adenohypophysis)

Hypothalamic hormones are enclosed in vesicles that move down the axon and accumulate where?

A

terminal ends close to pituitary stalk

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2
Q

(adenohypophysis)

In response to an action potential, hormones are released from what into where?

A

vesicles

into pituitary portal system

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3
Q

What is manufactured in the hypothalamus but released in the posterior pituitary?

A

oxytocin

vasopressin

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4
Q

What effects control over the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone?

A

a hypothalamic hormone

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5
Q

What are the hormones that can have the effect of stimulating the release of anterior pituitary hormones? What about inhibiting?

A 
Releasing hormones (RH)
Inhibiting hormones (IH)
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6
Q

Oxytocin:

A

initiates labor
stimulates mammary glands to release milk
stimulates uterine contractions in activities other than labor

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7
Q

Vasopressin (ADH):

A

decreases urine output by increasing DCT and collecting duct permeability

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8
Q

Releasing hormones:

A

stimulates release of anterior pituitary hormones

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9
Q

Inhibiting hormones:

A

inhibit release of anterior pituitary hormones

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10
Q

Anterior pituitary gland hormones:

A 
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
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11
Q

Growth hormone (GH):

A

regulates growth; affects protein, fat, and carb metabolism

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12
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH):

A

controls secretion of thyroxin (from thyroid)

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13
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH):

A

controls secretion of hormones released by adrenal cortex, specifically glucocorticoids

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14
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):

A

in females, stimulates maturation of egg cells

in males, stimulates nurse cells for sperm maturation

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15
Q

Lutenizing hormone (LH):

A

in males, stimulates secretion of testosterone by testes

in females, stimulates release of ovum by ovary

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16
Q

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH):

A

along with ACTH, affects pigment release in skin

17
Q

Prolactin (PRL):

A

stimulates milk production (NOT release)

18
Q

The pineal gland is an outgrowth of…

A

the roof of the diencephalon

19
Q

Pineal gland

Arterial supply:

A

circulus arteriosus cerebri

20
Q

Pineal gland

Venous drainage:

A

cavernous venous sinus

21
Q

Pineal gland

Function:

A

Melatonin; amino acid derivative thought to have connection with regulating sleep cycle

22
Q

Parts of diencephalon:

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

23
Q

Thymus gland development:

A

from epithelial cells derived from endoderm and third pair of visceral pouches (3rd gill slit pouch)

24
Q

Thymus gland innervation:

A

Vagus

25
Q

Thymus gland arterial supply:

A

branches from internal thoracic artery

26
Q

Thymus gland venous drainage:

A

thymic veins to brachiocephalic vein

27
Q

Thymus gland function:

A

thymosin, thymus humeral factor, thymopoietin; convert embryonic lymphocytes into T-cells

28
Q

Thyroid gland development:

A

develops from endodermal thickening in floor of early pharynx and epithelium of 3rd and 4th gill slit pouches

29
Q

What was the first endocrine gland to appear during development?

A

thyroid gland

30
Q

Thyroid gland innervation:

A

vagus

31
Q

Thyroid gland arterial supply:

A

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

32
Q

Thyroid gland venous drainage:

A

superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

33
Q

The superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins are tributaries of…

A

internal jugular veins (superior and middle) and left brachiocephalic vein (inferior)

34
Q

Thyroid gland functions:

A

thyroxin - regular rate of metabolism

calcitonin - decreases levels of calcium in the blood by inhibiting osteoclasts and increasing calcium excretion

35
Q

In the thyroid gland, how does calcitonin decrease levels of calcium?

A

inhibits osteoclasts

Bio 224 (31 decks)

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