RNA Flashcards
Where is RNA located?
In the nucleus and in the cytoplasm
What are the functions of RNA?
Deliver genetic information, make proteins
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
RNA has one strand. Contains ribose. Contains Uracil instead of Thymine.
Transcription
the process that gets the sequence of nucleotides in DNA into a sequence of nucleotides in mRNA
Translation
the process of the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA to the sequence of amino acids(proteins)
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
What nucleic acids are involved in transcription?
DNA and mRNA
RNA polymerase
makes a new mRNA strand through base-pairing and linking RNA nucleotides together.
What is the end result of transcription?
mRNA that leaves the nucleus
Why does transcription occur?
Because DNA cannot leave the nucleus. mRNA is much smaller and can deliver the instructions to make proteins that happens outside the nucleus.
RNA editing
Right after the mRNA is copied. Introns are removed, and exons are joined together to leave the nucleus.
Exons
DNA sequences that codes for the making of proteins.
Introns
DNA sequences that are not involved in the coding of proteins.
Where does translation occur?
At/on the ribosome
Ribosomes are made up of…
rRNA and proteins
What nucleic acids are involved in translation?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
mRNA in translation
contains the genetic code for the specific amino acids that should be used to make a protein
tRNA
transports amino acids to the codon that complements the anti-codon of tRNA
rRNA
ribosomal RNA that makes up the ribosome to mark every 3 nucleotides
What is the anti-codon of GCA?
CGU
How does translation work?
The ribosome reads and acts as a conveyor belt. For each codon, a tRNA with the complementary anti-codon brings the according amino acid.
Why does translation occur?
To make proteins. Because the genetic code needs to be interpreted.
If DNA’s template strand has ATCGATCG…what is the RNA strand?
UAGCUAGC
How many possible codons are there?
64
AUG codes for what?
Met or Start
