Cell Homeostasis/Transport Flashcards
Passive Transport
transport that requires no energy
Simple Diffusion
molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration through the phospholipid bilayer
Facilitated Diffusion
molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration with the help of transport proteins/protein channels
Osmosis
the diffusion of water across the cell membrane (bilayer and aquaporins)
Aquaporins
water channel proteins
Hypertonic
solute concentration is higher outside
Hypotonic
solute concentration is lower outside
Isotonic
solute concentration is equal on both sides
What happens to the cell wall of plant cells when the solution is hypotonic?
they don’t change
What happens to the cell membrane of plant cells when the solution is hypotonic?
swell; expand
What happens to animal cells when the solution is hypotonic?
swell; expand
potentially lysed/cytolysis
What happens to the cell wall of plant cells when the solution is hypertonic?
they don’t change
What happens to the cell membrane of plant cells when the solution is hypertonic?
shrink
What happens to animal cells when the solution is hypertonic?
shrink
What is the net direction of water movement when the solution is hypotonic?
in
What is the net direction of water movement when the solution is hypertonic?
out
What is the net direction of water movement when the solution is isotonic?
in and out; no net direction
Active Transport
transport that requires energy; from low concentration to high concentration; when materials move against the concentration gradient
Exocytosis
a type of bulk transportation where materials leave through vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane
ex) waste and proteins
Endocytosis
a type of bulk transportation where materials enter the cell through vesicles/vacuoles that are made up of the cell membrane
ex)
Bulk Transport
exocytosis, endocytosis, requires energy
sometimes the materials that are entering and leaving are too large to go through the bilayer or channel proteins
crenation
the shrinking and crumpling in of an animal cell when in a hypertonic environment
plasmolysis
the shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell as it pulls away from the cell wall when in a hypertonic environment
turgidity
the expansion of the cell membrane of a plant cell as it pushes against the cell wall when in a hypotonic environment
cytolysis
the bursting action of an animal cell membrane when it expands too much in a hypotonic environment
Can water go through the phospholipid bilayer?
Yes, albeit they go through it slowly so they use aquaporins
Turgor Pressure
the force of the cell membrane pushing up against the cell wall after water enters through osmosis
Protein Pumps
protein channels that are part of active transportation (low to high) with the usage of ATP to transport the molecules
ATP
cellular energy
Purpose of cell transport
maintain homeostasis
Which process allows an amoeba to bring food inside to maintain cellular homeostasis?
phagocytosis/endocytosis
What is the direction of movement that uses energy to maintain homeostasis?
movement from low to high concentration
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
