Charles Darwin and Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Charles Darwin do in terms of natural selection?

A

Proposed a mechanism of evolution he called natural selection

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2
Q

What did Charles Darwin say about natural selection?

A

Stated that this process of evolution has been taking place for millions of years

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3
Q

Natural Selection

A

Process by which individuals better suited to their environments survive and reproduce the most successfully

(also referred to as survival of the fittest)

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4
Q

Darwin believed that natural selection worked on populations because of the presence of _______ _______

A

natural variations

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5
Q

Natural Variation

A

differences among individuals of the same species

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6
Q

Natural variation can be found in ___ species according to Darwin.

A

all

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7
Q

Natural variations ___ be passed down to the next generation, according to Darwin.

A

can

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8
Q

Where does natural variation come from?

A

sexual reproduction, genetic mutations, and crossing over

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9
Q

4 major parts of natural selection that drive evolution

A

genetic variation, selective pressure, survival (of the fittest), reproduction

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10
Q

fitness

A

the ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

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11
Q

adaptation

A

any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

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12
Q

What happens to individuals with low fitness?

A

die or produce a small number of offspring

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13
Q

Adaptations can be…

A

physical, biochemical, behavioral

(porcupine quills, resistance to pesticide, hunting in a pack)

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14
Q

selective pressure

A

a pressure put on by environment that favors a certain phenotype

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15
Q

common ancestry

A

a species that is the ancestor of two or more different species later in time

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