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Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Purines

A

2 ringed nitrogenous bases: Adenine and Guanine

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2
Q

Pyrimidines

A

1 ringed nitrogenous bases: Cytosine, Thymine

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3
Q

Adenine and Thymine form how many bonds?

A

2 hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

Guanine and Cytosine form how many bonds?

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

What is the base-pairing rule?

A

number of A = T
number of C = G

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6
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Double-helix structure; nitrogenous bases in the middle; sugar and phosphates group in the ladder part

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7
Q

What sugar does DNA have?

A

deoxyribose

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8
Q

What sugar does RNA have?

A

ribose

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9
Q

Nitrogenous bases form…

A

hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

A sugar from one nucleotide and a phosphate group from another nucleotide form…

A

covalent bonds

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11
Q

Why is DNA replication a semi-conservative model.

A

Because one half of the old strand is kept to use as a template. The end result is one half of the old strand and one half of the newly made one.

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12
Q

DNA helicase

A

Breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases to split the DNA molecule into two separate strands

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13
Q

DNA polymerase

A

catalyzes the making of covalent bonds between sugars and phosphate groups when making a new polynucleotide chain.

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14
Q

What is the end result of DNA replication?

A

One half old strand, one half new strand.

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15
Q

When does DNA replication occur?

A

Before the cell divides

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16
Q

Why does DNA replication occur?

A

In preparation for cell division; each new cell gets the same genetic info as the OG cell

17
Q

Chromatin

A

The form that DNA is in during normal cell activity

18
Q

Chromosome

A

The form that DNA is in when the cell divides

19
Q

Histones

A

Proteins that the DNA molecule is wrapped around to condense

20
Q

Where is DNA?

A

in the nucleus

21
Q

When a DNA molecule unzips at a certain region, what is this are called?

A

replication bubble

22
Q

What did Rosalind Franklin do? What did she discover?

A

took an x-ray of DNA and discovered the structure of DNA (sugar and phosphate on the sides and nitrogenous bases in the middle)

23
Q

What did Watson and Crick do? What did they discover?

A

made a model of DNA; twisted double helix and base-pairs

24
Q

What makes up the backbone of DNA?

A

phosphate and sugar

25
Q

What is Chargaff’s rule?

A

DNA should have a 1:1 ratio (G=C, A=T)

26
Q

Why is metaphase important?

A

DNA lines uo to ensure exact copies can be pulled to each side

27
Q

The 2 strands of DNA are ____ to each other

A

anti-parallel

Biology (42 decks)

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