Meiosis + Fertilization Flashcards
Sexual Reproduction
when two organisms come together to make offspring through fertilization
Gametes
sex cells (egg, sperm)
Homologous Chromosomes
chromosomes that are the same size and shape and have the same genes
Diploid
a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes (2n)
Haploid
a cell with one set of chromosomes (n)
Zygote
a cell that is made from fertilization (when the egg and sperm meet; a fertilized egg)
Tetrad
a structure that consists of homologous chromosomes
Crossing Over
the exchange of genes between the chromosomes in a tetrad
The process of meiosis helps ____ diversity
genetic
Purpose of Meiosis
to create gametes with half the number of chromosomes
Meiosis I
homologous chromosomes are split
Purpose of Meiosis I
to pair up homologous chromosomes; cross-over; genetic diversity; split homologous chromosomes
Stages in Meiosis I
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
End result of Meiosis I
2 cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent
Meiosis II
to split sister chromatids and make gametes