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Biology > Organic Molecules > Flashcards

Organic Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 most common elements found in organic compounds?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and sometimes Sulfur

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1
Q

What properties of carbon explain its ability to form many different large and complex structures?

A

Carbon can bond 4 times because of its valence electrons. They can form single, double, or triple bonds.

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2
Q

What structures can carbon make?

A

Chains, rings, branches.

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3
Q

Polymerization

A

The process of which monomers come together and build bonds to make a polymer.

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4
Q

Monomer

A

the building block to a polymer; small compounds

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5
Q

Polymer

A

a large molecule made up of one or more monomers; large compounds

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6
Q

Dehydration synthesis/reaction

A

a reaction where water is taken out to bond two compounds together

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7
Q

Hydrolysis

A

a reaction where water is put in to split a large compound

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8
Q

What are the 4 main categories of organic molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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9
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Organic compounds are compounds that make up life and allow life to function

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10
Q

Why are organic compounds important to biology?

A

Many of the functions and purposes of organic compounds can explain many things found in life.

Carbohydrates provide energy for life. Lipids provide fats and the chemical composition of cells. Proteins provide the basic structures for humans and animals. Nucleic acids provide the DNA.

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11
Q

What elements are in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. 1:2:1 ratio.

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12
Q

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

A

Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)

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13
Q

What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?

A

Polysaccharide (starch)

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14
Q

What are carbohydrate functions?

A

primary source of energy; exoskeletons for insects; shell for crustaceans; builds plant cell walls

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15
Q

What elements are in lipids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen; very little oxygen

16
Q

What are the building blocks of lipids?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

17
Q

What are the polymers of lipids?

A

triglycerides, steroids, waxes, and phospholipids

18
Q

What are lipid functions?

A

chemical messengers, water repellent, basic structure of cell membrane, store long-term energy, insulation

19
Q

What organic molecule is hydrophobic?

A

Lipids

20
Q

What elements are in a protein?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and sometimes Sulfur

21
Q

What are the monomers of a protein?

A

amino acids

22
Q

What are the polymers of a protein?

A

polypeptides

23
Q

What are the functions of a protein?

A

Depending on a protein’s shape and amino acids, they have many different various functions.

speed up chemical reactions; build structures (hair, nails); chemical messengers; transport substances; fight diseases

24
Q

What are the four levels of protein structure?

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

25
Q

Primary Level

A

The joining of amino acids by polypeptide bonds

26
Q

Secondary Level

A

The folding of amino acids bonding with each other

27
Q

Tertiary Level

A

The twisting and folding of a polypeptide chain

28
Q

Quaternary Level

A

Associating with other polypeptide chains and arranging with respect to one another.

29
Q

How does protein structure relate to function?

A

Protein structures all have unique shapes and combinations of amino acids. All of these factors combine and join together to make up the final protein function and structure.

30
Q

What elements are in nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

31
Q

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

32
Q

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

A

polynucleotides (DNA, RNA)

33
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

store genetic information; code for proteins

34
Q

What are the 3 parts to an amino acid?

A

Amino group, R-group, carboxyl group

35
Q

What are the 3 parts to a nucleotide?

A

5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

36
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

37
Q

Denaturing a protein affects what structures?

A

secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Biology (42 decks)

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