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Biology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A

provide oxygen for cells and remove the waste product carbon dioxide from the body

(or pick up oxygen from the air we inhale and release carbon dioxide into the air we exhale)

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2
Q

Parts of the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, lungs

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3
Q

nasal cavity

A

warms and moistens air; filters out dust and particles

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4
Q

pharynx

A

connects respiratory and digestive systems

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5
Q

trachea

A

the windpipe; contains cilia which lines the trachea and filters air

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6
Q

How does cilia filter air?

A

sweeps mucus and trapped particles away from the lungs and toward the pharynx to be swallowed or spat out

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7
Q

bronchi

A

large tubes in the chest cavity that branches off to one lung each

(singular is bronchus)

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8
Q

bronchioles

A

a division of bronchi that are even smaller passage ways

(singular is bronchiole)

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9
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs

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10
Q

What controls the contraction and relaxation of bronchi and bronchioles?

A

autonomic nervous system controls (brain stem), smooth muscles

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11
Q

Path of air in

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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12
Q

Path of air out

A

alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity

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13
Q

How is gas exchanged with the circulatory system?

A
  1. air enters the alveoli
  2. blood full of carbon dioxide in capillaries near the alveoli flow through
  3. both oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from high to low (so oxygen diffuses out of blood and binds to hemoglobin, and CO2 diffuses into the alveoli)
  4. blood now filled with oxygen (not entirely) flows back into the heart
    and air from alveoli (now filled with carbon dioxide) gets exhaled
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14
Q

What do the mechanics of breathing involve?

A

rib cage, diaphragm, differences in air pressure

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15
Q

Mechanics of inhalation

A
  • muscles in between ribs contract (raises rib cage)
  • diaphragm contracts (flattens)
  • chest capacity increases
  • internal air pressure decreases
  • higher air pressure outside than inside
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16
Q

What does the rib cage do during inhalation?

A

muscles in between contract, raising the rib cage

17
Q

What does the diaphragm do during inhalation?

A

contracts, flattens the diaphragm

18
Q

How is the air pressure inside of the body compared to the outside during inhalation?

A

internal air pressure is lower
external air pressure is higher

19
Q

How does having a lower air pressure inside help inhalation?

A

creates a partial vacumn

20
Q

Mechanics of Exhalation

A
  • muscles in between ribs relax (ribcage lowers)
  • diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
  • internal chest capacity decreases
  • internal air pressure increases
  • higher air pressure inside than outside
  • air flows out
21
Q

What does the rib cage do during exhalation?

A

relaxes, goes down and inward

22
Q

What does the diaphragm do during exhalation?

A

relaxes, moves up

23
Q

How is the air pressure inside of the body compared to the outside during exhalation?

A

internal air pressure is higher
external air pressure is lower

24
Q

What is the regulation of breathing controlled by?

A

medulla oblongata (part of brain stem)

25
Q

What causes the rate of breathing to increase?

A

more CO2

26
Q

How does the medulla oblongata help maintain homeostasis?

A

regulates carbon dioxide levels and ensures there is not too mcuh

27
Q

How does the medulla oblongata regulate carbon dioxide levels?

A

CO2 lowers blood pH slightly (creates carbonic acid)
sends impulses to muscles in between ribs and diaphragm to contract to get rid of the CO2

Biology (42 decks)

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