Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes mutations?

A

mistakes that happen during DNA replication and mutagens

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2
Q

Mutagen

A

physical or chemical factors that cause mutations (ex. x-rays and u-v lights)

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3
Q

What are the types of mutations?

A

Point (base substitution) and frameshift

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4
Q

Point mutation (base substitution)

A

exchanging one nucleotide for another

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5
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

the deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides to a DNA molecule

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6
Q

When a point mutation occurs, but it still codes for the same amino acid, it is called…

A

a silent mutation

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7
Q

After a point mutation, what happens?

A

one amino acid on the polypeptide chain is changed

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8
Q

After a frameshift mutation, what happens?

A

all of the amino acids will change from the point of the deletion/insertion and onward.

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9
Q

Which mutation could potentially create a still functioning protein?

A

point mutation

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10
Q

Frameshift mutations drastically change…

A

the protein that is made

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11
Q

When are mutations passed from parent to offspring?

A

only when they occur in reproductive or germ cells - sperm or egg

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