Review of Microscopy Flashcards
functions to magnify the image of the objects that cannot be seen by the naked eye
microscope
parts of the microscope based on function (4)
mechanical part
adjustable part
illuminating part
magnifying part
illuminating parts include (3)
mirror/light source
condenser
iris diaphragm
identify parts of microscope
+1
magnifying parts (5)
ocular/eye piece
scanner
LPO
HPO
OIO
magnification of eye piece
10x
magnification of scanner
4x
magnification of LPO
10x
magnification of HPO
40x
magnification of OIO
100x
an optical microscope that uses light rays to produce a dark image against a bright background
bright field microscope/
compound light microscope
Ability of the microscope to enlarge an image
magnification
It depends on the degree of curvature of the glass lens
magnification
Highly/lowly curved lens will increase the magnification
highly
Magnification depends on the degree of ____of the glass lens.
curvature
relationship of glass lens curvature and magnification
directly proportional
Ability of the lens to distinguish two points as clear and as distinct.
resolution
resolution depends on what (2)
wavelength of light (λ)
numerical aperture (NA)
wavelength symbol
λ
relationship of wavelength of light (λ) to Resolution
inversely proportional
refers to the light-gathering ability of the lens
numerical aperture
expressing mathematically the solid cone of light delivered to the specimen.
numerical aperture
relationship of resolution with NA
directly proportional
numerical aperture and resolution for LPO
NA = 0.25
Resolution = 0.9µm
numerical aperture and resolution for HPO
NA = 0.65
Resolution = 0.35 µm
numerical aperture and resolution for OIO
NA = 1.25
Resolution= 0.18µm
the amount light bends
refractive index
if the RI of two materials are the same, would there be bending of light?
no
the amount of distance required between the objective lens and the top of your object.
focal length
the higher the objective magnification, the shorter/longer the focal length generally is.
shorter
A technique used to measure the dimensions of the microorganisms.
micrometry
two kinds of micrometer
ocular
stage
measures the dimensions of the microorganisms
ocular micrometer
calibrates the ocular micrometer
stage micrometer
conversion factor of mm = um
1 mm = 1,000 µm
a stage micrometer has the measure of
1mm
how many stage unit are in a stage micrometer
100
measurement of 1 stage unit
0.01mm or 10um
formula used to compute the calibration factor for 1 ocular unit
(X) (OU) = (Y) (SU)
X in (X) (OU) = (Y) (SU)
divisions of ocular micrometer (OM) subtended by divisions of stage micrometer
OU in (X) (OU) = (Y) (SU)
ocular unit
Y in (X) (OU) = (Y) (SU)
divisions of stage micrometer (SM) subtended by divisions of ocular micrometer
SU in (X) (OU) = (Y) (SU)
stage unit
stage unit value
0.01mm or 10um
thus 1 OU =
(Y)(SU)/(X) or (SM div.)(10um)/(OM div)
Value of 1 OU in microns for scanner
62.5um
Value of 1 OU in microns for LPO
50.0
Value of 1 OU in microns for HPO
12.5
Value of 1 OU in microns for OIO
5 um
s an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image
phase contrast microscope
main foundation of the microscope
base
connects the arm with the base (some do not have the pillar)
pillar
part of the microscope where we usually carry the microscope
arm
structure that would connect the draw tube, and revolving nosepiece
body tube
structure where eyepiece/ocular are placed
draw tube
square platform where you place the specimen
stage
initial focusing knob, manipulated to adjust the actual gap between the specimen and objective (scanner and LPO)
coarse adjustment knob
initial focusing knob, manipulated to adjust the actual gap between the specimen and objective (scanner and LPO)
coarse adjustment knob
also known as final focusing, manipulated when the specimen is already visible (HPO and OIO)
fine adjustment knob
holds the specimen in place
stage clip
adjusted for you to move the stage clip
stage clip knob
hold the objective so you can shift from one objective to another
revolving nose piece
part of microscope that is usually the one that provides the light
illuminating part
reflects light from the environment
mirror/light source
structure above the light source, gather the light from the light source
condenser
control the light coming to the specimen
iris diaphragm
part of the microscope that is utilized to magnify the specimen
magnifying parts
– 10x, where we look at the specimen being observed
ocular/eye piece
what oil is used in oil immersion
cedar oil
why is oil used in OIO
minimize refractive index
– utilize light to observe specimen
bright field microscopy
entire circle seen when you look in the microscope
field of view
what kind of image is created when looking at a microscope
enlarged
virtual
inverted
color of scanner
red
color of lpo
yellow
color of hpo
blue
color of oio
white
100 SU is equal to what mm
1mm
1mm is equal to what microns
1000 microns
thus, 1 SU is equal to what microns
10 microns
memorize table for 10x10 and 20x20
+1
