Growth and Reproduction in Prokaryotes Flashcards
bacterial cells do not divide by meiosis and mitosis. Instead, most bacteria grow asexually by a process known as ___
binary fission
Describe the process of Binary fission
bacterium copies it chromosome
elongates, and splits off into two daughter bacteria with a genetic makeup identical to the parental bacterium
when dormant bacteria are transferred to a fresh medium with plenty of nutrients, they spend some time switching their metabolic machinery from a dormant state called
lag phase
can last from less than an hour to days, depending on the species of bacteria
lag phase
during the ___ phase, the bacteria are actively undergoing binary fission
log phase
the bacteria double their numbers every ___ ____
generation period
can range from 20 minutes to days, depending on the species
generation period
as long as there are plenty of nutrients and little waste buildup, the bacteria will continue growing ___
exponentially
it is convenient to represent the growth of the bacteria on a ___ graph, because the numbers of bacteria increase very rapidly with each subsequent generation
logarithmic graph
after the bacteria have grown for a while and they are starting to deplete the nutrients in the growth medium, some of the cells begin to die
stationary phase
phase where number of cells dying = new cells
stationary phase
after the bacteria have depleted most of their nutrients and their waste buildup is too great, the bacteria begins to deplete in larger numbers than are made
what phase
death phase
if a cell is to survive, it must switch its metabolism back to a ___ state
dormant
increase in cellular constituents
growth
§ Increase in cellular constituents
that may result in: (2)
increase in cell number
increase in cell size
If ____ ____ at the back of
your throat, a sore
throat.
Streptococcus pyogenes
Growth of
microorganisms in
refrigerator shortens/lengthns the
shelf life of the food
shortens
can produce beer, wine, cheese, yogurt, and other products
bacterial growth
most bacterial chromosomes are shaped __
circular
proceeds in both directions from the origin
DNA replication
after DNA replication, what happens to the cell?
elongation
formation of cross walls between daughter cells and cells separate
septation
types of bacterial division (4)
Binary Fission
Budding
Certain actinomycetes by conidiospores
Fragmentation
is a complex molecular machine responsible for DNA replication, ensuring that the genetic material is accurately duplicated before cell division
replisome