Microbial Taxonomy and Systematics Flashcards
involves not just naming organisms but grouping them with other organisms that share common properties
Taxonomy
is involved in the classification and naming of organisms
taxonomy
is involved in the determination of evolutionary relationships of organisms.
systematics
ascertain the sharing of the common ancestry by different organisms
systematics
different organisms are scientifically named and grouped in different taxonomic levels
taxonomy or systematics?
taxonomy
organisms are grouped based on their evolutionary relationships.
systematics or taxonomy
systematics
can be considered as a branch of systematics
taxonomy
assigns every organism a kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, which, among other possibilities,
Linnean system of classification
mnemonic of Linnean system of classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
. It was in 1735 when the two-kingdom system, Plantae and Animalia was formally introduced by Swedish botanist
Carolus Linnaeus
proposed to include bacteria and fungi in the plant kingdom
Carl von Nägeli
proposed the Kingdom Protista, to include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi.
Ernst Haeckel
. The term prokaryote was then introduced in 1937 by
Edouard Chatton
what term is introduced to distinguish cells having no nucleus from the nucleated cells of plants and animals
prokaryote
cells in which the nuclear material (nucleoplasm) is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
who defined prokarytoes this way
Roger Stanier
proposed the Kingdom Prokaryotae
Robert G.E. Murray
founded the five-kingdom system in which prokaryotes were placed in the Kingdom Prokaryotae, or Monera, and eukaryotes comprised the other four kingdoms.
Robert H. Whittaker
names only clades — groups of organisms that descended from a common ancestor.
phylogenetic classification system
DNA sequence-based phylogenetic analysis has revealed that the five kingdoms do not represent five primary evolutionary lines. Instead, cellular life on Earth has evolved along three primary lineages called
domains
contains the eukaryotes including the plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
what domain
Eukarya
Molecular studies in the 1970s revealed that the Archaea differed from all other bacteria in their what sequence and what structures
16s rRNA sequence
cell wall
membrane lipids
aspects of protein snythesis
are excellent tools for discerning evolutionary relationships because all cells contain ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal RNAs)
an American microbiologist, pioneered the use of comparative rRNA sequence analysis as a measure of microbial phylogeny and, in so doing, revolutionized our understanding of cellular evolution.
Carl Woese
the greater the sequence variation between any two organisms, the greater/lesser their evolutionary divergence.
greater