Cellular Respiration (Handout)

Question 1

s a cellular process used by cells to extract energy from nutrients it takes in.

Answer 1

cellular respiration

Question 2

This energy is used by cells and the living systems at large, to maintain its organization and decrease ___ or disorderliness

Answer 2

entropy

Question 3

all forms of energy will be degraded to heat eventually, which happens when organism die.

Answer 3

second law of thermodynamics

Question 4

Among these molecules, the biggest amount of energy extracted comes from ___, making this molecule the primary source of cellular energy

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

molecule the primary source of cellular energy

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

Take note that these molecules that enter the cells to be used for metabolism are products of ___

Answer 6

digestion

Question 7

kind of respiration that is favored because of the vast amount of energy that can be produced

Answer 7

aerobic respiration

Question 8

convenient energy carrier

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

molecule has “high-energy” and unstable bonds

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

energy in organic molecules is extracted when they transfer 2 hydrogen atoms (composed of 2 electrons and 2 protons) to a coenzyme NAD+

Answer 10

oxidation

Question 11

It is also known as oxidative phosphorylation owing to the oxidation-reduction that follows along the electron transport chain.

Answer 11

electron transport level phosphorylation

Question 12

is generated when electrons from the carriers (e.g. NADH) are carried forward and tossed to the ETC simultaneous with the transport of H+ to the other side of the membrane

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

The energy of the electrons, therefore, is intended to move more H+ ions to the other side of the membrane to build a

Answer 13

concentration gradient

Question 14

The last to receive the de-energized electrons is ___

Answer 14

oxygen

Question 15

The last to receive the de-energized electrons is oxygen (hence, aerobic respiration), which then couples with

Answer 15

two hydrogen atoms to form water

Question 16

allows the passive movement of the H+ concentration gradient, the energy of the flow is then used to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate

Answer 16

ATP synthase

Question 17

In this mechanism, ATP is usually generated when a high-energy phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP

Answer 17

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 18

This third mechanism happens in cells during photosynthesis’ light-dependent reactions

Answer 18

photophosphorylation

Question 19

Light energy is absorbed by ___

Answer 19

chlorophyll

Question 20

a light-trapping pigment in photosynthetic cells.

Answer 20

chlorophyll

Question 21

The energy then excites some of the molecules’ electrons, making it jump to the first of the series of ___proteins, an electron transport chain similar to that in respiration

Answer 21

carrier

Question 22

The energy of the ___is then used by ETC to pass along protons (H+), and these then are allowed to flow back in photophosphorylation

Answer 22

electrons

Question 23

involves a pathway for the complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water

Answer 23

cell respiration

Question 24

three major steps of cell respiration

Answer 24

glycolysis
krebs cycle
etc

Question 25

in glycolysis is very important especially when oxygen becomes in short supply e.g. in our muscle cells

Answer 25

SLP

Question 26

cells that rely on glycolysis during rapid contraction, and oxygen delivery to tissues cannot supply the requirement of ETLP.

Answer 26

muscle

Question 27

by-product accumulates in the tissues and is later metabolized in the liver.

Answer 27

lactic acid

Question 28

, lactic acid as a by-product accumulates in the tissues and is later metabolized in the

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

what kind of breathing after a heavy activity repays the oxygen debt that occurred

Answer 29

rapid breathing

Question 30

In Step II, the preparatory step converts the pyruvate into

Answer 30

acetyl coA

Question 31

___ is the entry source of energy in this process

Answer 31

glucose

Question 32

intercovertible products of energy investment phase

Answer 32

DHAP PGAL

Question 33

step 1 of glycolysis is the ___ of glucose to initiate glycolysis

Answer 33

phosphorylation

Question 34

step 4 and 5 of glycolysis is the splitting of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to ___ and ___

Answer 34

DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) GP (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

Question 35

step 6 of glycolysis is the __ of 2,3-compounds into 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid

Answer 35

oxidation

Question 36

step 6 of glycolysis is the __ of 2 NAD+ into NADH+ 2H+

Answer 36

reduction

Question 37

series of biochemical reactions that releases large amount of potential chemical energy in acetyl CoA in step by step manner

Answer 37

krebs cycle

Question 38

Also note that in this cycle, the intermediates are recycled

Answer 38

krebs cytcle

Question 39

, pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is first converted to what in krebs

Answer 39

acetyl

Question 40

pyruvic loses a carbon molecule through the process called

Answer 40

decarboxylation

Question 41

major outcomes for krebs

Answer 41

a. Release of 2 more CO2 molecules by decarboxylation. b. Oxidation-reduction reactions to transfer electron to the carriers. c. Substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 42

The gas is carried by the ___to the lungs and is liberated to the atmosphere through exhalation.

Answer 42

blood

Question 43

The gas is carried by the blood to the ___ and is liberated to the atmosphere through exhalation.

Answer 43

lungs

Question 44

The gas is carried by the blood to the lungs and is liberated to the atmosphere through ___.

Answer 44

exhalation

Question 45

NADHs from the previous steps are carried forward and tossed to the ETC while simultaneously transporting H+ to the other side of the membrane using the energy of the ____

Answer 45

electrons

Question 46

complex 1 carriers

Answer 46

FMN Fe-S

Question 47

between complex 1 and 2 what carrier

Answer 47

Q

Question 48

where does FADH2 tosses its electrons

Answer 48

Q

Question 49

complex 2 carrier

Answer 49

Cyt b Fe-S cyt c1

Question 50

carrier between complex 2 and 3

Answer 50

cyt c

Question 51

complex 3 carriers

Answer 51

Cu Cyt a Cyt a3