Microscopy

Question 1

The human eye can distinguish about what micrometer length apart

Answer 1

0.1mm

Question 2

0.1mm is the size of what cell

Answer 2

human egg cell

Question 3

describes how many times bigger an image gets when it is put under the microscope

Answer 3

magnification

Question 4

describes how much fine detail we can see in the image

Answer 4

resolution

Question 5

defined as the smallest distance that two objects can be apart while still appearing as two objects

Answer 5

resolution

Question 6

were the first and still most common type of microscope

Answer 6

light microscope

Question 7

light microscope use what kind of light to create an image

Answer 7

visible light

Question 8

limit of resolution to 200nm and magnification to x2000

Answer 8

light microscope

Question 9

use a high power beam of light to create an image

Answer 9

laser scanning microscope

Question 10

microscope that can show images in 3D

Answer 10

light microscope

Question 11

has single magnifying lens as the one used by Leeuwenhoek

Answer 11

Simple microscope

Question 12

has multiple magnifying lenses that uses light as the source of illumination

Answer 12

compound light microscope

Question 13

who developed the compound light microscope

Answer 13

Hans Jansen
Zacharias Jansen

Question 14

modern CLM types (4)

Answer 14

bright field microscope
dark field microscope
phase-contrast microscope
flouresence microscope

Question 15

has a bright background with stained killed specimen or unstained living one

Answer 15

bright field microscope

Question 16

dark backrgound with unstained living illuminated specimen, used for thin spirochetes like Treponema pallidium

Answer 16

dark field microscope

Question 17

causes syphiliss

Answer 17

Treponema pallidum

Question 18

uses the phenomenon of wave interference of light where a special condenser annulus + phase plate are used to cause contsructive and destructive interferences in the light waves passing through structures of different density, this helps in distinguishing cellular structures

Answer 18

phase-contrast microscope

Question 19

allows viewing of internal structures in living specimen without the need of stains

Answer 19

phase-contrast microscope

Question 20

uses the phenomenon of florescence (dyes/stains that when excited with UV light emits light of longer wavelength

Answer 20

Flourescence microscope

Question 21

uses a built in UV light source (not visible light) to view the stained specimens against a dark baground

Answer 21

Flourescence microscope

Question 22

flouresence stains such as

Answer 22

florescein isothyocynate

Question 23

IF means

Answer 23

immunoflourescence

Question 24

used to detect microbes in cells and tissues

Answer 24

Flourescence microscope

Question 25

Using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye

Answer 25

microscopy

Question 26

You have a specimen consisting of two lines, and the distance between these two lines is given as 0.50 μm. If Microscope A has an LR of 0.45 μm and Microscope B has an LR of 0.75 μm, under which microscope(s) can you see the two lines as separate and distinct?

Answer 26

microscope A

Question 27

formula for limit of resolution

Answer 27

0.5λ / nsinϴ where d = limit of resolution * λ = wavelength of light used (blue-green) * n = refractive index of the medium * ϴ = ½ the angle of the cone of λ entering the objective

Question 28

was an English amateur opticist whose discoveries played an important role in perfecting the objective lens system of the microscope

Answer 28

Joseph Jackson Lister

Question 29

1 micrometer (um) is what to base unit

Answer 29

10^-6m

Question 30

1 nanometer is what factor to base unit

Answer 30

10^-9

Question 31

different types of light microscope

Answer 31

simple compound or complex

Question 32

light waves and mirrors

Answer 32

light microscope

Question 33

only 1 lens magnification ~ 300x

Answer 33

simple microscope

Question 34

2 sets of lenses magnification ~ 1000x

Answer 34

compound or complex microscope

Question 35

a magnifying lens, usually about 10x

Answer 35

eyepiece

Question 36

focuses the light

Answer 36

condenser

Question 37

controls the amount of light that enters the objective lens

Answer 37

iris diaphragm

Question 38

number of lenses that provide different magnifications

Answer 38

objective lense

Question 39

Electron beams and magnetic fields - For objects smaller than 0.2 µm in diameter - In vacuum

Answer 39

electron microscope

Question 40

types of electron microscope

Answer 40

transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope

Question 41

creates an image by detecting reflected or knocked-off electrons

Answer 41

SEM

Question 42

uses transmitted electrons (electrons that are passing through the sample) to create an image

Answer 42

TEM

Question 43

what makes a good microscope

Answer 43

Adequate magnifying power Provide good contrast High resolving power Serves your purpose

Question 44

microscopic field is brightly lit objects under study are darker gross morphology what types of light microscopes

Answer 44

bright field microscopy

Question 45

microscopic field is dark objects under study are luminous

Answer 45

dark field micrsocopy

Question 46

for specimens that are v invisible in the ordinary LM v cannot be stained by standard methods v distorted by staining

Answer 46

dark field microscopy

Question 47

shorter wavelength of light (180nm-400nm) ü image made visible by photography or TV screen ü detecting substances (e.g. DNA) what type of light microscope

Answer 47

UV

Question 48

ü modification of UV microscope ü makes use of fluorochromes ü detection of immunological reactions

Answer 48

flourescence light microscopy

Question 49

ü Detailed examination of internal structure ü Not necessary to fix or stain cells ü Principle is based on variations in the refractive indices

Answer 49

phase-contrast microscopy

Question 50

ü principle is based on variations in the refractive indices ü advantage: no diffraction halo associated with phase contrast ü disadvantage: the three-dimensional appearance may not represent reality

Answer 50

differential interference contrast microscopy

Question 51

ü examine viruses ü ultrastructure in thin sections of the cells

Answer 51

transmission electron microscope

Question 52

ü surface features of viruses and cells ü reveals a 3-dimensional image

Answer 52

scanning electron microscope

Question 53

example of EM stains (5)

Answer 53

Osmic acid Permanganate Lead Uranium Lanthanum