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General Microbiology > Microscopy > Flashcards

Microscopy Flashcards

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1
Q

The human eye can distinguish about what micrometer length apart

A

0.1mm

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2
Q

0.1mm is the size of what cell

A

human egg cell

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3
Q

describes how many times bigger an image gets when it is put under the microscope

A

magnification

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4
Q

describes how much fine detail we can see in the image

A

resolution

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5
Q

defined as the smallest distance that two objects can be apart while still appearing as two objects

A

resolution

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6
Q

were the first and still most common type of microscope

A

light microscope

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7
Q

light microscope use what kind of light to create an image

A

visible light

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8
Q

limit of resolution to 200nm and magnification to x2000

A

light microscope

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9
Q

use a high power beam of light to create an image

A

laser scanning microscope

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10
Q

microscope that can show images in 3D

A

light microscope

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11
Q

has single magnifying lens as the one used by Leeuwenhoek

A

Simple microscope

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12
Q

has multiple magnifying lenses that uses light as the source of illumination

A

compound light microscope

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13
Q

who developed the compound light microscope

A

Hans Jansen
Zacharias Jansen

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14
Q

modern CLM types (4)

A

bright field microscope
dark field microscope
phase-contrast microscope
flouresence microscope

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15
Q

has a bright background with stained killed specimen or unstained living one

A

bright field microscope

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16
Q

dark backrgound with unstained living illuminated specimen, used for thin spirochetes like Treponema pallidium

A

dark field microscope

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17
Q

causes syphiliss

A

Treponema pallidum

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18
Q

uses the phenomenon of wave interference of light where a special condenser annulus + phase plate are used to cause contsructive and destructive interferences in the light waves passing through structures of different density, this helps in distinguishing cellular structures

A

phase-contrast microscope

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19
Q

allows viewing of internal structures in living specimen without the need of stains

A

phase-contrast microscope

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20
Q

uses the phenomenon of florescence (dyes/stains that when excited with UV light emits light of longer wavelength

A

Flourescence microscope

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21
Q

uses a built in UV light source (not visible light) to view the stained specimens against a dark baground

A

Flourescence microscope

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22
Q

flouresence stains such as

A

florescein isothyocynate

23
Q

IF means

A

immunoflourescence

24
Q

used to detect microbes in cells and tissues

A

Flourescence microscope

25
Q

Using microscopes to view objects and areas of
objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye

A

microscopy

26
Q

You have a specimen consisting of two
lines, and the distance between these two
lines is given as 0.50 μm. If Microscope A
has an LR of 0.45 μm and Microscope B
has an LR of 0.75 μm, under which
microscope(s) can you see the two lines as
separate and distinct?

A

microscope A

27
Q

formula for limit of resolution

A

0.5λ / nsinϴ

where
d = limit of resolution
* λ = wavelength of light used (blue-green)
* n = refractive index of the medium
* ϴ = ½ the angle of the cone of λ entering the
objective

28
Q

was an English amateur opticist whose discoveries played an important role in perfecting the objective lens system of the microscope

A

Joseph Jackson Lister

29
Q

1 micrometer (um) is what to base unit

A

10^-6m

30
Q

1 nanometer is what factor to base unit

A

10^-9

31
Q

different types of light microscope

A

simple
compound or complex

32
Q

light waves and mirrors

A

light microscope

33
Q

only 1 lens
magnification ~ 300x

A

simple microscope

34
Q

2 sets of lenses
magnification ~ 1000x

A

compound or complex microscope

35
Q

a magnifying lens, usually about 10x

A

eyepiece

36
Q

focuses the light

A

condenser

37
Q

controls the amount of light that enters the objective lens

A

iris diaphragm

38
Q

number of lenses that provide different magnifications

A

objective lense

39
Q

Electron beams and magnetic fields
- For objects smaller than 0.2 µm in diameter
- In vacuum

A

electron microscope

40
Q

types of electron microscope

A

transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope

41
Q

creates an image by detecting reflected or knocked-off electrons

A

SEM

42
Q

uses transmitted electrons (electrons that are passing through the sample) to create an image

A

TEM

43
Q

what makes a good microscope

A

Adequate magnifying power
Provide good contrast
High resolving power
Serves your purpose

44
Q

microscopic field is
brightly lit

objects under study
are darker

gross morphology

what types of light microscopes

A

bright field microscopy

45
Q

microscopic field is dark
objects under study are luminous

A

dark field micrsocopy

46
Q

for specimens that are
v invisible in the ordinary LM
v cannot be stained by standard
methods
v distorted by staining

A

dark field microscopy

47
Q

shorter wavelength
of light (180nm-400nm)
ü image made visible
by photography or TV
screen
ü detecting substances
(e.g. DNA)

what type of light microscope

A

UV

48
Q

ü modification of UV microscope
ü makes use of fluorochromes
ü detection of immunological reactions

A

flourescence light microscopy

49
Q

ü Detailed examination of internal
structure
ü Not necessary to fix or stain cells
ü Principle is based on variations in the
refractive indices

A

phase-contrast microscopy

50
Q

ü principle is based on variations in the
refractive indices
ü advantage: no diffraction halo
associated with phase contrast
ü disadvantage: the three-dimensional
appearance may not represent reality

A

differential interference contrast microscopy

51
Q

ü examine viruses
ü ultrastructure in thin sections of the cells

A

transmission electron microscope

52
Q

ü surface features of viruses and
cells
ü reveals a 3-dimensional image

A

scanning electron microscope

53
Q

example of EM stains (5)

A

Osmic acid
Permanganate
Lead
Uranium
Lanthanum

General Microbiology (15 decks)

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