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General Microbiology > Factors Affecting Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

microbial growth curve (4)

A

lag phase
log (exponential) phase
stationary phase
death (decline) phase

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2
Q

physical growth requirements (3)

A

temperature
pH
osmotic pressure

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3
Q

chemical growth requirements

A

CHONPS
Micronutrients
Growth factors

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4
Q

are nutrients that the body needs in large quantities to function properly

A

macronutrients

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5
Q

lowest possible value of that factor where growth may occur

A

minimum factor

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6
Q

the best possible value that favors growth

A

optimum factor

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7
Q

the highest possible value of that factor where growth may occur

A

maximum parameter

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8
Q

degree of hotness of a certain environment or material

A

temperature

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9
Q

grow best at relatively low temperature

A

psychrophile

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10
Q

able to grow at low temperature but prefer moderate temperature

A

psychrotroph

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11
Q

most bacteria especially those living in association with warm-blooded animals

A

mesophile

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12
Q

among all thermophiles is wide variation in optimum and maximum T

A

thermophile

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13
Q

optimum temperature for psychrophile

A

10-15

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14
Q

optimum temperature for psychrotroph

A

15-30

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15
Q

optimum temperature for mesophile

A

30-40

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16
Q

optimum temperature for thermophile

A

50-85

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17
Q

a value that express the acidity and alkalinity of an environment or material

A

pH

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18
Q

optimum pH preferences between 0 and 5.5

A

acidophiles

19
Q

optimum pH preferences between 5.5 and 8

A

neutrophiles

20
Q

optimum pH preferences between 8.5 to 11.5

A

alkalophiles

21
Q

optimum pH preferences pH 10 or higher

A

extreme alkalophiles

22
Q

drastic variations in pH can harm by:

A

distrupting the plasma membrane
inhibiting the activity of enzymes and membrane transport systems

23
Q

is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution

A

osmolarity

24
Q

factor that determines the movement of water within cells

A

osmolarity

25
Q

can be defined as the minimum pressure that must be applied to a solution to halt the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane

A

osmotic pressure

26
Q

Has a lower solute concentration than another solution, so water flows into it.

A

hypotonic

27
Q

Has the same or similar solute concentration as another solution, so there is no net flow of water.

A

isotonic

28
Q

Has a higher solute concentration than another solution, so water flows out of it

A

hypertonic

29
Q

are microorganisms that require some NaCl for growth

A

halophiles

30
Q

require 1-6% salt

A

mild halophiles

31
Q

require 6-15% salt

A

moderate halophiles

32
Q

require 15-30% NaCl for growth

A

extreme halophiles

33
Q

bacteria are able to grow at moderate salt concentrations, even though they grow best at the absence of NaCl

A

halotolerant

34
Q

are “osmophiles”

A

halophiles

35
Q

halotolerant are

A

osmotolerant

36
Q

usually reserved for organisms that are able to live in environment high in sugar

A

osmophiles

37
Q

live in dry environments (made dry by lack of water)

A

xerophiles

38
Q

requires O2

A

aerobe

39
Q

do not require O2

A

anaerobe

40
Q

can only live with plentiful O2

A

obligate anaerobes

41
Q

will die in presence of significant O2

A

obligate anaerobes

42
Q

can live in either aerobic or anerobic environments; prefer O2

A

facultative aerobes

43
Q

live in a narrow window of oxygen concentrations

A

microaerophiles

44
Q

check oxygen requirement

A

+1

General Microbiology (25 decks)

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