Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

Question 1

microbial growth curve (4)

Answer 1

lag phase
log (exponential) phase
stationary phase
death (decline) phase

Question 2

physical growth requirements (3)

Answer 2

temperature
pH
osmotic pressure

Question 3

chemical growth requirements

Answer 3

CHONPS
Micronutrients
Growth factors

Question 4

are nutrients that the body needs in large quantities to function properly

Answer 4

macronutrients

Question 5

lowest possible value of that factor where growth may occur

Answer 5

minimum factor

Question 6

the best possible value that favors growth

Answer 6

optimum factor

Question 7

the highest possible value of that factor where growth may occur

Answer 7

maximum parameter

Question 8

degree of hotness of a certain environment or material

Answer 8

temperature

Question 9

grow best at relatively low temperature

Answer 9

psychrophile

Question 10

able to grow at low temperature but prefer moderate temperature

Answer 10

psychrotroph

Question 11

most bacteria especially those living in association with warm-blooded animals

Answer 11

mesophile

Question 12

among all thermophiles is wide variation in optimum and maximum T

Answer 12

thermophile

Question 13

optimum temperature for psychrophile

Answer 13

10-15

Question 14

optimum temperature for psychrotroph

Answer 14

15-30

Question 15

optimum temperature for mesophile

Answer 15

30-40

Question 16

optimum temperature for thermophile

Answer 16

50-85

Question 17

a value that express the acidity and alkalinity of an environment or material

Answer 17

pH

Question 18

optimum pH preferences between 0 and 5.5

Answer 18

acidophiles

Question 19

optimum pH preferences between 5.5 and 8

Answer 19

neutrophiles

Question 20

optimum pH preferences between 8.5 to 11.5

Answer 20

alkalophiles

Question 21

optimum pH preferences pH 10 or higher

Answer 21

extreme alkalophiles

Question 22

drastic variations in pH can harm by:

Answer 22

distrupting the plasma membrane
inhibiting the activity of enzymes and membrane transport systems

Question 23

is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution

Answer 23

osmolarity

Question 24

factor that determines the movement of water within cells

Answer 24

osmolarity

Question 25

can be defined as the minimum pressure that must be applied to a solution to halt the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 25

osmotic pressure

Question 26

Has a lower solute concentration than another solution, so water flows into it.

Answer 26

hypotonic

Question 27

Has the same or similar solute concentration as another solution, so there is no net flow of water.

Answer 27

isotonic

Question 28

Has a higher solute concentration than another solution, so water flows out of it

Answer 28

hypertonic

Question 29

are microorganisms that require some NaCl for growth

Answer 29

halophiles

Question 30

require 1-6% salt

Answer 30

mild halophiles

Question 31

require 6-15% salt

Answer 31

moderate halophiles

Question 32

require 15-30% NaCl for growth

Answer 32

extreme halophiles

Question 33

bacteria are able to grow at moderate salt concentrations, even though they grow best at the absence of NaCl

Answer 33

halotolerant

Question 34

are "osmophiles"

Answer 34

halophiles

Question 35

halotolerant are

Answer 35

osmotolerant

Question 36

usually reserved for organisms that are able to live in environment high in sugar

Answer 36

osmophiles

Question 37

live in dry environments (made dry by lack of water)

Answer 37

xerophiles

Question 38

requires O2

Answer 38

aerobe

Question 39

do not require O2

Answer 39

anaerobe

Question 40

can only live with plentiful O2

Answer 40

obligate anaerobes

Question 41

will die in presence of significant O2

Answer 41

obligate anaerobes

Question 42

can live in either aerobic or anerobic environments; prefer O2

Answer 42

facultative aerobes

Question 43

live in a narrow window of oxygen concentrations

Answer 43

microaerophiles

Question 44

check oxygen requirement

Answer 44

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