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General Microbiology > Control of Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Control of Microbial Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

If the PC of the chemical used is greater than 1, it would indicate that the chemical being tested is more/less effective.

A

more

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2
Q

test organism for control of microbial growth

A

staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

methods of microbial control (2)

A

physical methods
chemical methods

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4
Q

physical methods of microbial control (5)

A

heat
cold temperature
desiccation
radiation
filtration

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5
Q

chemical methods of microbial control

A

use of disinfectant
use of antiseptics
use of antibiotics

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6
Q

applied to nonliving surfaces (used to kill germs on nonliving surfaces).

A

disinfectant

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7
Q

applied to the body (use to kill microorganisms on skin surfaces).

A

antiseptic

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8
Q

a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

A

antibiotic

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9
Q

introduced the use of phenol to reduce the risk of infection during operation

A

Joseph Lister (1867(

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10
Q

phenol derivative include

A

cresol
xylenols
orthophenylphenol

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11
Q

Contain surfactants

A

hand soaps

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12
Q

compounds with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

A

surfactants

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13
Q

Break oily substances and coat the droplets to form an emulsion, which can be rinsed away

A

surfactants

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14
Q

Surfactants are not ____ by themselves

A

germicidal

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15
Q

compounds that act as surfactants that alter membrane permeability of some bacteria and fungi (Not sporicidal)

A

quaternary ammonia

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16
Q

antibacterial additives to soaps

A

quaternary ammonia
phenolic compounds

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17
Q

example of phenolic compounds

A

triclosan

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18
Q

disrupt cell membranes and precipitating proteins

A

phenolic compounds

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19
Q

Considered the simple most important step in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases

A

simple hand washing

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20
Q

___ ___ itself generally does not destroy many organisms; it simply aids in the mechanical removal of soil and grease containing microbes, including most pathogens.

A

plain soap

21
Q

Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Chemical Agents:
(4)

A

population of microorganisms
volume of inoculum
time of application
concentration of the agent

22
Q

Chemical control of Microbes

give examples

A

Halogens
Phenolics
Chlorhexidine
Alcohols
Hydrogen peroxide
Detergents and soaps
Heavy metals
Aldehydes

23
Q

seldom used as a disinfectant or antiseptic because of its irritating qualities and disagreeable odor

A

phenol

24
Q

derivatives of phenol that are reactive even in the presence of organic material; O-phenylphenol

A

phenolics

25
Q

especially common example of a bisphenol

A

Triclosan

26
Q

broad spectrum, but most effective against gram-positives

A

Bisphenols

27
Q

bactericidal to gram-positives and gram-engatives or as components of inorganic and organic compounds

A

biguanides

28
Q

iodine or chlorine may act alone or as components of inorganic and organic compounds

A

halogen

29
Q

inhibits protein function and is a strong oxidizing agent

A

iodine

30
Q

forms the strong oxidizing agent hypochlorous acid, which alters cellular components

A

halogens

31
Q

effective anti-septic available as a tincture and an iodophor

A

iodine

32
Q

used to disinfect water

A

chlorine gas

33
Q

used to disinfect dairy equipment, eaitng utensils, household items, and glassware

A

chlorine compounds

34
Q

bactericidal and fungicidal, but not effective gainst endospores or nonenveloped viruses

A

alcohols

35
Q

commony used alcohols

A

ethanol
isopropanol

36
Q

heavy metals such as silver and mercury are biocidal

A

heavy metals

37
Q

may be used to prevent gonorhheal ophthalmia neonatoruml mecurochrome disinfects skin and mucous membranes

A

silver nitrate

38
Q

algicide

A

copper sulfate

39
Q

surface active agents

A

soaps and acid anionic detergents
acid-anionic detergents

40
Q

most resistant microbes

A

prions

41
Q

most resistant to least resistant microbes

A

prions
endospores of bacteria
mycobacteria
cyst of protozoa
vegetative protozoa
gram - bacteria
fungi (incl. most fungal spore forms)
viruses w/o envelopes
gram + bacteria
viruses with lipid envelopes

42
Q

which chemical agent is fair in endospores and mycobacteria

A

fair

43
Q

the best known disinfectant screening test in which the potency of a disinfectant is compared with that of phenol.

A

phenol coefficient test

44
Q

phenol coefficient test formula

A

PC = A/B

A = highest dilution of test chemical that kills the microorganisms after 10 mins but not 5 mins

B = highest dilution of phenol that kills the microorganism after 10 minutes but not 5 minutes

45
Q

interpretation of PC

PC > 1

A

disinfectant is more effective than phenol

46
Q

interpretation of PC

PC = 1

A

equal effectiveness of two chemicals

47
Q

interpretation of PC

PC < 1

A

indicates less effectiveness of testchemical

48
Q

compute the substance concentration and amount of water given the following ratio

1:70 (lysol to water)
50 ml of solution

A

50/70*1000 = 714 ul
49.29 ml of water

49
Q

compute the substance concentration and amount of water given the following ratio

1:80 (lysol to water)
50 ml of solution

A

50/80*1000=625 ul
49.38 ml of water

General Microbiology (25 decks)

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