Control of Microbial Growth

Question 1

If the PC of the chemical used is greater than 1, it would indicate that the chemical being tested is more/less effective.

Answer 1

more

Question 2

test organism for control of microbial growth

Answer 2

staphylococcus aureus

Question 3

methods of microbial control (2)

Answer 3

physical methods
chemical methods

Question 4

physical methods of microbial control (5)

Answer 4

heat
cold temperature
desiccation
radiation
filtration

Question 5

chemical methods of microbial control

Answer 5

use of disinfectant
use of antiseptics
use of antibiotics

Question 6

applied to nonliving surfaces (used to kill germs on nonliving surfaces).

Answer 6

disinfectant

Question 7

applied to the body (use to kill microorganisms on skin surfaces).

Answer 7

antiseptic

Question 8

a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

Answer 8

antibiotic

Question 9

introduced the use of phenol to reduce the risk of infection during operation

Answer 9

Joseph Lister (1867(

Question 10

phenol derivative include

Answer 10

cresol
xylenols
orthophenylphenol

Question 11

Contain surfactants

Answer 11

hand soaps

Question 12

compounds with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

Answer 12

surfactants

Question 13

Break oily substances and coat the droplets to form an emulsion, which can be rinsed away

Answer 13

surfactants

Question 14

Surfactants are not ____ by themselves

Answer 14

germicidal

Question 15

compounds that act as surfactants that alter membrane permeability of some bacteria and fungi (Not sporicidal)

Answer 15

quaternary ammonia

Question 16

antibacterial additives to soaps

Answer 16

quaternary ammonia
phenolic compounds

Question 17

example of phenolic compounds

Answer 17

triclosan

Question 18

disrupt cell membranes and precipitating proteins

Answer 18

phenolic compounds

Question 19

Considered the simple most important step in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases

Answer 19

simple hand washing

Question 20

___ ___ itself generally does not destroy many organisms; it simply aids in the mechanical removal of soil and grease containing microbes, including most pathogens.

Answer 20

plain soap

Question 21

Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Chemical Agents:
(4)

Answer 21

population of microorganisms
volume of inoculum
time of application
concentration of the agent

Question 22

Chemical control of Microbes

give examples

Answer 22

Halogens
Phenolics
Chlorhexidine
Alcohols
Hydrogen peroxide
Detergents and soaps
Heavy metals
Aldehydes

Question 23

seldom used as a disinfectant or antiseptic because of its irritating qualities and disagreeable odor

Answer 23

phenol

Question 24

derivatives of phenol that are reactive even in the presence of organic material; O-phenylphenol

Answer 24

phenolics

Question 25

especially common example of a bisphenol

Answer 25

Triclosan

Question 26

broad spectrum, but most effective against gram-positives

Answer 26

Bisphenols

Question 27

bactericidal to gram-positives and gram-engatives or as components of inorganic and organic compounds

Answer 27

biguanides

Question 28

iodine or chlorine may act alone or as components of inorganic and organic compounds

Answer 28

halogen

Question 29

inhibits protein function and is a strong oxidizing agent

Answer 29

iodine

Question 30

forms the strong oxidizing agent hypochlorous acid, which alters cellular components

Answer 30

halogens

Question 31

effective anti-septic available as a tincture and an iodophor

Answer 31

iodine

Question 32

used to disinfect water

Answer 32

chlorine gas

Question 33

used to disinfect dairy equipment, eaitng utensils, household items, and glassware

Answer 33

chlorine compounds

Question 34

bactericidal and fungicidal, but not effective gainst endospores or nonenveloped viruses

Answer 34

alcohols

Question 35

commony used alcohols

Answer 35

ethanol isopropanol

Question 36

heavy metals such as silver and mercury are biocidal

Answer 36

heavy metals

Question 37

may be used to prevent gonorhheal ophthalmia neonatoruml mecurochrome disinfects skin and mucous membranes

Answer 37

silver nitrate

Question 38

algicide

Answer 38

copper sulfate

Question 39

surface active agents

Answer 39

soaps and acid anionic detergents acid-anionic detergents

Question 40

most resistant microbes

Answer 40

prions

Question 41

most resistant to least resistant microbes

Answer 41

prions endospores of bacteria mycobacteria cyst of protozoa vegetative protozoa gram - bacteria fungi (incl. most fungal spore forms) viruses w/o envelopes gram + bacteria viruses with lipid envelopes

Question 42

which chemical agent is fair in endospores and mycobacteria

Answer 42

fair

Question 43

the best known disinfectant screening test in which the potency of a disinfectant is compared with that of phenol.

Answer 43

phenol coefficient test

Question 44

phenol coefficient test formula

Answer 44

PC = A/B A = highest dilution of test chemical that kills the microorganisms after 10 mins but not 5 mins B = highest dilution of phenol that kills the microorganism after 10 minutes but not 5 minutes

Question 45

interpretation of PC PC > 1

Answer 45

disinfectant is more effective than phenol

Question 46

interpretation of PC PC = 1

Answer 46

equal effectiveness of two chemicals

Question 47

interpretation of PC PC < 1

Answer 47

indicates less effectiveness of testchemical

Question 48

compute the substance concentration and amount of water given the following ratio 1:70 (lysol to water) 50 ml of solution

Answer 48

50/70*1000 = 714 ul 49.29 ml of water

Question 49

compute the substance concentration and amount of water given the following ratio 1:80 (lysol to water) 50 ml of solution

Answer 49

50/80*1000=625 ul 49.38 ml of water