Restrictive and Vascular Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards
Question 1 of 8
Frank, age 62, complains of sudden-onset dyspnea and a racing heart. He has a history of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. Frank leads a sedentary lifestyle and reports almost no regular physical activity. A V-Q scan reveals decreased, localized perfusion.
What disorder does Frank have?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
Pulmonary embolism
In pulmonary embolism, a clot travels to pulmonary circulation, causing obstruction to circulation within the lungs. In this case, Frank has several risk factors for blood clot formation including atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and inactive lifestyle.Clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism include dyspnea, chest pain, increased respiratory rate and heart rate. A V-Q scan will show decreased perfusion in the area of the embolus.
Question 2 of 8
Gavin has suffered from congestive heart failure for the past two years. He complains of dyspnea, especially when trying to sleep at night. Auscultation reveals crackles in the lungs. Follow up echocardiogram shows enlargement of the left ventricle.
What disorder may Gavin have?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
Pulmonary edema
Left ventricular heart failure often causes pulmonary edema, an accumulation of fluid around the alveoli. As the left ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively, the blood backs up in the pulmonary system. Clinical manifestations include cough, dyspnea, stridor, pink sputum, and crackles on auscultation.
Question 3 of 8
Courtney, age 14, needs a routine physical exam to participate in high school sports. The clinician notes that Courtney has one hip and shoulder higher than the other along with significant curvature of the spine. Courtney says that this is how she has “always been.” When she runs, she sometimes experiences a feeling of “breathlessness.”
What condition do Courtney’s signs and symptoms indicate?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
thoracic cage deformity
Thoracic cage deformities such as kyphoscoliosis (as in Courtney’s case) can cause restrictive lung disease. Deformity can diminish ventilation of the lungs leading to trouble breathing and a feeling of breathlessness on exertion.
Question 4 of 8
Brian presents to the emergency room following an impact accident from skateboarding that resulted in a fractured rib. He complains of severe chest pain and an inability to catch his breath. Chest movement during inspiration and expiration is asymmetric.
What disorder do you suspect?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
pneumothorax
A pneumothorax is also known as a collapsed lung. Several types of pneumothorax exist and in Brian’s case, the pneumothorax is due to blunt trauma to the thoracic area. Small, uncomplicated pneumothoraxe cases will heal on their own.
Question 5 of 8
Luke is a 50-year-old mine worker who comes into the acute care center complaining of shortness of breath. He has a chronic cough that produces gray sputum. Chest x-rays reveal round, dark opacities in the lungs.
What disorder might Luke have?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis develops from exposure to coal dust, which becomes embedded in the lungs. Clinical manifestations include cough, dyspnea on exertion, wheezing, gray sputum, dark opacities throughout the lung fields on chest x-rays or CT, and decreased FEV and total lung capacity values. The production of gray sputum is a hallmark of this disease.
Question 6 of 8
Michaela has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She experiences syncope and trouble breathing with activity. Her healthcare provider orders a transthoracic echocardiogram, which shows right ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac catheterization reveals high pulmonary artery pressure.
What disorder might Michaela have?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension is high pressure within the pulmonary arteries. Secondary pulmonary hypertension, as shown in Michaela’s case, may result from COPD, as hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction. Pulmonary hypertension can cause the right ventricle to hypertrophy and fail, as the heart works against the higher pressure in the pulmonary system.
Question 7 of 8
Roseanne, age 54, has been hospitalized for a sepsis infection. Recent tests show that Roseanne’s condition has worsened. Chest x-rays show significant pulmonary edema, while arterial blood gases reveal a PO2 of 46 mm Hg and PCO2 of 68 mm Hg.
What condition may Roseanne have?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
adult respiratory distress syndrome
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often occurs in the critically ill patient. Clinical manifestations include severe respiratory distress; coarse, loud crackles; and elevated heart rate and blood pressure. The patient will often have pulmonary edema. One of the key findings in ARDS is falling oxygen levels while carbon dioxide levels increase. This indicates that the lungs are struggling to both oxygenate the blood and exhale carbon dioxide.
Question 8 of 8
Julie is a 38-year old mother of two young children. She complains that she cannot seem to catch her breath when chasing after the children. She reports that she often must sit down and rest for several minutes and allow her breathing to slow. She reports no recent illnesses and states she does not have asthma. PFTs and chest X-rays are ordered. PFT results in indicate restrictive lung disease, while the chest X-ray reveals a “ground glass” appearance.
What condition does Julie have?
Make the connection between clinical findings and underlying pathophysiology. For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the disorder that is best exemplified by that scenario. adult respiratory distress syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis coal worker’s pneumoconiosis pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension
thoracic cage deformity
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Go back to DA for explanation
Question 1 of 5
When chronic pulmonary dysfunction is present, which factors may elevate? Select all that apply.
Calcium levels Oxygen levels Red blood cells Insulin levels Carbon dioxide levels
Carbon dioxide levels
Red blood cells
Question 2 of 5
On assessing a chest x-ray, the nurse finds a linear shadow of visceral pleura. The x-ray lacks the lung markings peripheral to the shadow, indicating a collapsed lung. Which condition does the nurse expect in this patient?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Asbestosis
Pneumothorax
Question 3 of 5
An abnormal level of fluid in the pleural space is known as ________________.
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
asthma
pleuritis
pleural effusion
Question 4 of 5
Pulmonary hypertension _______________.
is abnormally high blood pressure within the pulmonary circulation.
may cause a collapsed lung.
is caused by a pulmonary embolism.
increases oxygenation of the blood.
is abnormally high blood pressure within the pulmonary circulation.
Question 5 of 5
Pulmonary embolisms most commonly originate in the _______________.
neck
abdomen
shoulder
leg
Leg
