Disorders of White Blood Cells Flashcards
Question 1 of 7
Can you differentiate the disorders of white blood cells? For each complication, drag and drop the values/characteristics that apply to the disease to the box.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
A) Bone marrow >20% lymphoblasts
B). More common in children than adults
C. Monoclonal proteins (M-proteins)
D). B or T cells do not function or mature
E). Also known as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
A) Bone marrow >20% lymphoblasts
B). More common in children than adults
D). B or T cells do not function or mature
“Acute” indicates the presence of immature cells, or blasts. Lymphocytic indicates the cell lines affected are B or T cells. Although, ALL is much more common in children than adults, it is not the most common form of cancer in the United States. M-proteins are associated with multiple myeloma.
Question 2 of 7
Can you differentiate the disorders of white blood cells? For each complication, drag and drop the values/characteristics that apply to the disease to the box.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)
A). More common than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
B). Blast cells may invade other tissues
C). More than 20 different forms
D). WBC neoplasm of the blood
E). T, B or NK cells involvement
F). Lymph node enlargement
A). More common than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
C). More than 20 different forms
E). T, B or NK cells involvement
F). Lymph node enlargement
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma refers to a collection of several forms of lymphoma. Often one of the first signs of NHL is enlarged lymph nodes. This form of lymphoma may arise from several cells types, but invasion of blast cells into other tissues does not occur. Like many forms of leukemia, thrombocytopenia may be present as excess white blood cell levels suppress platelet formation. More than 80% of lymphomas fall in the category of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, while the remaining are Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Question 3 of 7
Can you differentiate the disorders of white blood cells? For each complication, drag and drop the values/characteristics that apply to the disease to the box.
Multiple Myeloma
A). B cell malignancy
B). Proliferation of abnormal plasma cells
C). More common in children than adults
D). B cells produce abnormal antibody fragments
E). Increased osteolysis and plasmacytoma formation
F). Due to B cell, T cell, or NK cell abnormality
A). B cell malignancy
B). Proliferation of abnormal plasma cells
D). B cells produce abnormal antibody fragments
E). Increased osteolysis and plasmacytoma formation
Multiple myeloma is due to abnormal B cells. B cells, which produce antibodies, are known as plasma cells. Plasma cells produce immunoglobulins (Igs). In multiple myeloma, abnormal Ig fragments are produced. Bone destruction and formation of plasmacytomas are common.
Can you differentiate the disorders of white blood cells? For each complication, drag and drop the values/characteristics that apply to the disease to the box.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
A). Total WBC count may elevate to greater than 100,000 cells/microliter
B). Overproduction of mature myeloid cells
C). Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph tissue
D). More than 20 different forms
E). Bone marrow reveals small lymphocytes and lymphocytes >30%
F). Progressive phases with loss in neutrophil differentiation
A). Total WBC count may elevate to greater than 100,000 cells/microliter
B). Overproduction of mature myeloid cells
F). Progressive phases with loss in neutrophil differentiation
Chronic myelogenous leukemia indicates an abnormality in mature cells of myeloid lineage, which includes granulocytes such as neutrophils. Significant elevation in white blood cell number (>100,000) may be present. CML is not related to the lymphocytic line. Reed-Sternberg cells are present in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Question 5 of 7
Can you differentiate the disorders of white blood cells? For each complication, drag and drop the values/characteristics that apply to the disease to the box.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
A). Leukopenia
B). Elderly individuals affected
C). B cell abnormality
D). B cell, T cell, or NK cell abnormality
E). Solid tumor in lymphoid tissue
F). Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph tissue
C). B cell abnormality
E). Solid tumor in lymphoid tissue
F). Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph tissue
The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in microscopic examination is a hallmark of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, as are solid tumors in lymph tissue. Excessive production of white blood cells occurs, unlike leukopenia, which is suppressed WBC production. Unlike NHL, Hodgkin’s lymphoma is due to a B cell abnormality and does not involve T cells or natural killer cells.
Question 6 of 7
Can you differentiate the disorders of white blood cells? For each complication, drag and drop the values/characteristics that apply to the disease to the box.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
A). Blast cells may invade other tissues
B). More common in children than adults
C). B cells do not produce normal Igs
D). Lymphocytosis with a WBC count >20,000 cells/microliter
E). Most common type of leukemia in the United States
F). Elderly individuals affected
C). B cells do not produce normal Igs
D). Lymphocytosis with a WBC count >20,000 cells/microliter
E). Most common type of leukemia in the United States
F). Elderly individuals affected
Unlike ALL, which more commonly affects children, CLL most commonly affects the elderly. CLL is the most common form of leukemia in the United States. “Chronic” refers to the presence of mature cells, not immature or blast cells. Lymphocytes are elevated as the lymphocytic line is affected. Although lymphocyte number is elevated, lymphocyte function is not normal, as B cells do not produce normal immunoglobulins.
Question 7 of 7
Can you differentiate the disorders of white blood cells? For each complication, drag and drop the values/characteristics that apply to the disease to the box.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
A). Anemia
B). Overproduction of mature myeloid cells
C). Progressive phases with loss in neutrophil differentiation
D). Abnormal Igs and Ig fragments
E). Bone marrow more than 20% blast cells of myeloid origin
F). Blast cells may invade other tissues
A). Anemia
E). Bone marrow more than 20% blast cells of myeloid origin
F). Blast cells may invade other tissues
In AML, the myelogenous line is affected. “Acute” indicates the presence of immature or blast cells. These cells may invade other tissues. Immunoglobulin (Ig) formation is not affected, as immunoglobulins are produced by lymphocytic cells. Anemia may be present as production of red blood cells is suppressed by overproduction of cancer cells
