Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards
Question 1 of 7
Can you differentiate the obstructive pulmonary disorders? Drag the statements that apply to each into the box.
Obstructive sleep apnea
Also called hyperventilation syndrome
Symptoms include loud snoring and unrestful sleep
Involves recurrent episodes of sleep apnea 5 to 7 minutes in duration
Diagnosis requires a sleep study
Obesity is a risk factor
Diagnosed with polysomnography
Symptoms include loud snoring and unrestful sleep
Diagnosis requires a sleep study
Obesity is a risk factor
Diagnosed with polysomnography
Obstructive sleep apnea results in the upper airway closing intermittently during sleep. It involves recurrent episodes of sleep apnea of 2 to 3 minutes in duration. Symptoms include loud snoring, choking during sleep, unrestful sleep, and sleepiness during the day. Obesity is a risk factor. Polysomnography, or a sleep study, is used for diagnosis.
Question 2 of 7
Can you differentiate the obstructive pulmonary disorders? Drag the statements that apply to each into the box.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Comprised of airway hyperreactivity, emphysema, and chronic pneumonia
Smoking is a major cause
In emphysema, inflammation, edema, and excess mucus in the airways occurs
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT) increases risk
Signs and symptoms include clubbing of the fingers, cyanosis, and pursed-lip breathing
Decreased anterior-posterior chest diameter is a clinical sign
Pulmonary function tests are key to diagnosis
Check Answer
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT) increases risk
Signs and symptoms include clubbing of the fingers, cyanosis, and pursed-lip breathing
Pulmonary function tests are key to diagnosis
Smoking is a major cause
Three components comprise COPD: airway hyperreactivity, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema causes excess air in the alveoli. Chronic bronchitis causes inflammation, edema, and excess mucus in the airways. Patients may present with clubbing of the fingers, cyanosis, barrel-chested appearance, increased anterior-posterior chest diameter, and pursed-lip breathing. Smoking is a significant factor in the development of this condition. Deficiency in the enzyme alpha 1-antitrypsin is the only currently identified genetic risk factor for developing COPD. Pulmonary function tests are key to diagnosing COPD.
Question 3 of 7
Can you differentiate the obstructive pulmonary disorders? Drag the statements that apply to each into the box.
Bronchiectasis
Results from untreated infections
Common disorder
Signs and symptoms include clubbing of the fingers and cyanosis
Components of the bronchiole wall are replaced with fibrous tissue
Bronchiole constriction is present
Hemoptysis is caused by inflamed airway mucosa
Results from untreated infections
Components of the bronchiole wall are replaced with fibrous tissue
Hemoptysis is caused by inflamed airway mucosa
This uncommon disease results from untreated infections that damage the bronchioles. Fibrotic changes due to inflammation result in bronchiole dilatation. Hemoptysis is present in 50 to 70% of patients with bronchiectasis.
Question 4 of 7
Can you differentiate the obstructive pulmonary disorders? Drag the statements that apply to each into the box.
Asthma:
Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and chest tightness
An elevated FEV1 is diagnostic for asthma
Categories include stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3
Allergy is a common etiology
Results in chronic dilation of the bronchioles
Symptoms can be alleviated by exercise
Treated with maintenance medications and rescue medications
Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and chest tightness
Allergy is a common etiology
Treated with maintenance medications and rescue medications
Asthma is a hyperactive airway disease often caused by allergy. Signs and symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or with exercise. Categories of asthma include mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent. Treatment involves a combination of maintenance and rescue medications for acute episodes. In asthma, FEV1 is reduced.
Question 5 of 7
Can you differentiate the obstructive pulmonary disorders? Drag the statements that apply to each into the box.
Chronic bronchitis Air cannot enter lungs “Pink puffer” Diagnosed with persistent cough for 4 months Clubbing of fingers Hypoxia Excessive mucus
Clubbing of fingers
Excessive mucus
Hypoxia
Chronic bronchitis occurs when air cannot get out of the lungs. Those with chronic bronchitis are known as “blue bloaters” due to cyanosis due to hypoxia. Hypoxia may lead to clubbing of the fingers. Excess mucus is produced in bronchitis.
Question 6 of 7
Can you differentiate the obstructive pulmonary disorders? Drag the statements that apply to each into the box.
Emphysema “Pink puffer” Severe bronchial constriction Hyperresonance Decreased chest volume Air cannot exit lungs Clubbing of fingers Check Answer
“Pink puffer”
Air cannot exit lungs
Hyperresonance
Individuals with emphysema are sometimes referred to as “pink puffers” because it causes carbon dioxide retention and pursed-lip breathing. Emphysema results from air not exiting the lungs, leading to hyperresonance of the lung tissues. The chest volume is increased, not decreased. Clubbing of the fingers is associated with cyanosis and is usually not present with emphysema.
Question 7 of 7
Can you differentiate the obstructive pulmonary disorders? Drag the statements that apply to each into the box.
Asthma
Elevated FVC is common in asthma
FEV1 is commonly reduced in asthma
Pulmonary function for asthma is an invasive procedure.
Normal pulmonary function results are common in asthma
Bronchodilators may improve FEV1 in patient with asthma
Spirometry is used to evaluate pulmonary function in asthma.
Bronchodilators may improve FEV1 in patient with asthma
Spirometry is used to evaluate pulmonary function in asthma.
FEV1 is commonly reduced in asthma
In asthma, reduced FVC may occur and the use of bronchodilators will improve FEV1 values. Spirometry is the technique used to measure lung function in asthma and is not an invasive procedure. Pulmonary function tests are normally reduced in asthma.
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are obstructive lung diseases? Select all that apply.
Pulmonary fibrosis Asthma Obstructive sleep apnea Pneumothorax Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
Obstructive sleep apnea
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following are associated with chronic bronchitis? Select all that apply.
Cyanosis Air trapping Blue bloater Hyperresonance Problems getting air into the lungs
