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Pathophysiology (introductory concepts and clinical perspectives) > Fluid and Fluid Imbalances(Davis advantage) > Flashcards

Fluid and Fluid Imbalances(Davis advantage) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following exerts oncotic pressure?

Potassium
Sodium
Glucose
Albumin

A

Albumin

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2
Q

An isotonic IV solution ______________________. Select all that apply.

causes no fluid gain or loss by cells.
is used to counteract cellular swelling.
has a higher tonicity than the blood.
causes cell swelling.
has the same tonicity as the blood
A

causes no fluid gain or loss by cells.

has the same tonicity as the blood

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3
Q

Which of the following responses would you expect to see when fluid volume is too low? Select all that apply.

Increased renin release
Increased aldosterone
Osmoreceptor swelling
Increased BNP
Decreased antidiuretic hormone levels
A

Decreased antidiuretic hormone levels

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4
Q

Which of the following increase the likelihood for edema? Select all that apply.

Increased capillary permeability
Decreased plasma volume
Decreased oncotic pressure
Hypoalbuminemia
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
A

Decreased oncotic pressure

Decreased hydrostatic pressure

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5
Q

Which hormone is released when a fluid volume excess is present?

Aldosterone
Renin
Antidiuretic hormone
Natriuretic peptide

A

Natriuretic peptide

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5
Q

Which hormone is released when a fluid volume excess is present?

Aldosterone
Renin
Antidiuretic hormone
Natriuretic peptide

A

Natriuretic peptide

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6
Q

Release of Renin maintains:

A

Retains water and sodium.

but renin DOES NOT DIRECTLY INCREASE sodium and water retention by the kidneys.

Released by kidneys

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7
Q

Dehydration causes:

A

Hypotension

Tachycardia

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8
Q

Elevated sodium and glucose cause ?

A

Dehydration because water is attracted to the solutes.

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9
Q

Hypoalbunemia:

Can cause?

A

Low oncotic pressure

Edema

Albumin attracts water in the blood. And retains water

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10
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Type of IV given to reduce cellular swelling (Mannitol IV solution is an example)

A. Hypertonic

B. Isotonic

A

A. Hypertonic

Tonicity refers to the concentration difference across a semi-permeable membrane. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of particles, thus a hypertonic solution will pull water from the cells, reducing cell swelling.

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11
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

The main determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity

A. Calcium

B. Sodium

A

B. Sodium

Sodium is the major ion in the ECF, thus it plays a primary role in plasma osmolarity.

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12
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

The pressure exerted by solutes in solution

A. Oncotic

B. Osmotic

A

B. Osmotic

Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by solutes in solution. In the bloodstream, osmotic pressure is exerted mainly by sodium ions and plasma proteins.

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13
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream

A. Isotonic

B. Oncotic

A

B. Oncotic

Oncotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins. In the blood, albumin is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure.

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14
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Standard IV solution used as a bloodstream volume expander (0.9% NaCl is commonly used)

A. Hypertonic

B. Isotonic

A

B. Isotonic

Tonicity is the difference in particle concentration across a membrane. An isotonic IV solution has the same concentration as intracellular fluid. With isotonic IV solutions, cells do not gain or lose fluid, but use of this IV solution adds to the total fluid volume of the body.

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15
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Type of edema in the lower extremities

A. Dependent

B. Independent

A

A. Dependent

Dependent edema is fluid accumulation underneath the skin. Most commonly, dependent edema develops in the lower extremities when a person is standing due to hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries.

16
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Increases sodium and water retention by the kidneys

A. Renin

B. Aldosterone

A

B. Aldosterone

Aldosterone is released by the adrenal glands, and the target for aldosterone is the kidneys. Aldosterone stimulates sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys, increasing fluid volume. Release of renin can lead to aldosterone release, but renin does not directly increase sodium and water retention by the kidneys

17
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

The main intracellular cation

A. Potassium

B. Magnesium

A

A. Potassium

Due the action of the sodium-potassium ATP pump, which transports potassium into the cell, the main intracellular cation is potassium.

18
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Fluid sequestration in the body cavities

A.Pitting Edema

B. Third-Space Accumulation

A

B. Third-Space Accumulation

Third-space accumulation results from loss of fluid from the vascular space that becomes trapped in body compartments, such as the peritoneum. In pitting edema, edema is present, normally in the extremities, and when pressure is applied an indentation or depression is left on the skin surface.

19
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Excreted in response to fluid volume overload

A. Aldosterone

B. Natriuretic Peptides

A

B. Natriuretic Peptides

Natriuretic peptides are hormonal signals released by the brain and heart in response to excess fluid in the body. These signals increase urine output and reduce fluid volume. Aldosterone, on the other hand, increases fluid volume by stimulating retention of sodium and water.

20
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Characterized by excess fluid in interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments

A. Dehydration

B. Edema

A

B. Edema

Edema is fluid accumulation, most commonly in the interstitial space between cells. Edema may be due to increased fluid loss by the vascular system or lymph blockage preventing removal of fluid from the interstitial space.

21
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Diminished water volume in intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

A. Dehydration

B. Third-Space Accumulation

A

A. Dehydration

Loss of fluid volume from the intracellular and extracellular compartments is known as dehydration. Cell shrinkage, tachycardia, and hypotension may accompany dehydration.

22
Q

This or That? Many of the terms related to fluid balance sound the same. Can you identify the proper terms for definitions and key information related to fluid and fluid imbalances? For each question, select the correct term or solute.

Occurs when application of pressure over a bony area leaves an indentation

A. Pitting Edema

B. Dependent Edema

A

A. Pitting Edema

When fluid accumulates under the skin due to edema and pressure is applied to this area, a “pit” or indentation may remain for a few moments after the pressure is removed. The formation of this indentation is known as “pitting edema” and is due to displacement of the fluids by the pressure applied. Dependent edema normally develops in the lower extremities due to reduced venous return and increased hydrostatic pressure.

23
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

Water is attracted to sodium.
Water cannot cross the plasma membrane.
Water in the body can only move from intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF), not ECF to ICF.
Water is repelled by albumin.

A

Water is attracted to sodium.

24
Q

A young male arrives at the emergency department having suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. To reduce swelling of the brain’s cells, a __________________ IV solution is administered.

isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
isosmotic

A

hypertonic

25
Q

In conditions of fluid volume deficit, which of the following would you expect to be elevated? Select all that apply.

risk for edema
thirst
natriuretic peptide
renin
antidiuretic hormone
A

thirst
Renin
antidiuretic hormone

26
Q

A client has fluid volume excess. Which are the symptoms the client might exhibit due to fluid volume excess? Select all that apply.

Hypotension
Thirst
Elevated heart rate
Edema
Increased urine output
A

Edema

Increased urine output

27
Q

Which of the following is a primary determinant of oncotic pressure?

Intracellular sodium
Intracellular potassium
Glucose
Albumin

A

Albumin

Pathophysiology (introductory concepts and clinical perspectives) (58 decks)

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