Disorders of Esophagus, stomach, and small intestine Flashcards
Question 1 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Anna’s disorder is detected by a positive antibody test and confirmed through a biopsy of the small intestine and is also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
What disorder does Anna have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Celiac disease
Those suffering from celiac disease develop an autoimmune response, indicated by the presence of antibodies, to the protein gluten. Damage to the small intestinal villi results and this can be seen on biopsy. Another name for celiac disease is gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
Question 2 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Jonah presents in the emergency department with a rapid pulse and lightheadedness. Further questioning reveals Jonah has recently experienced hematemesis and melena.
What disorder does Jonah have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
UGIB
UGIB stands for upper GI bleed. Like any type of significant blood loss, if the UGIB is severe enough, the heart does not receive enough blood to pump because the blood is lost through to bleeding. This results in a rapid heart rate to compensate for falling blood pressure due to blood loss. Melena occurs when blood is present in the stool, while hematemesis is the vomiting of blood.
Question 3 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Lisa presents in the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, abdominal rigidity, and significant rebound tenderness. Bowel sounds are hypoactive, and Lisa appears in distress and says even a cough or movement will cause abdominal pain.
What disorder does Lisa likely have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Peritonitis
Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, usually the result of bacterial infection. This can evolve into a very serious condition, as the infection can travel to the blood. The hallmarks of peritonitis are pain, rigidity, and rebound tenderness of the abdomen. Pain is usually severe, especially with any type of movement.
Question 4 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Tomas complains that he has stomach pain that most commonly occurs when his stomach is empty. He says that eating helps to relieve this pain. He has recently lost weight. His breath test is positive for urea, and endoscopy reveals multiple small erosions in the mucosa of the stomach.
What disorder does Tomas have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Gastric ulcer
Gastric ulcers are sores that develop in the interior of the stomach. Normally, pain from these sores is worse when the stomach is empty, so eating helps alleviate the pain. One of the most common causes of gastric ulcers is the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori produces an enzyme that breaks down urea. Ingestion of tablets of urea can be used to determine the presence of H. pylori based on this enzymatic breakdown of urea.
Question 5 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Michelle had bariatric surgery. Although she is pleased with her initial weight loss, she worries the surgery is impacting her quality of life. She states that after she eats, she often experiences severe diarrhea. The development of diarrhea after eating is disrupting her time with her family.
What complication does Michelle have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Dumping syndrome
Dumping syndrome is one of the complications of bariatric surgery. When portions of the stomach are altered, substances may move too quickly into the intestines. When this occurs, food absorption in the small intestine may be compromised, leading to materials passing through the intestinal tract without absorption. This can lead to diarrhea. Modification of food intake and the timing of intake may help Michelle.
Question 6 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
A physician asks Michael to cough while the physician observes the abdominopelvic area. With Michael’s cough, the physician notes a protrusion of the small intestine through the abdominal wall.
What condition does Michael have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Hernia
A hernia is a protrusion of the small intestine through a muscular wall or fascia. Several types of hernia exist, depending on the location of the protrusion. Acts such as coughing raise the intrabdominal pressure, making it more likely for the protrusion to be observed.
Question 7 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Jim recently had a stroke. He has a poor gag reflex, deviated tongue, and difficulty swallowing foods. He wants to “give up” eating any type of large meal, because he feels it is too much work to eat.
What finding is consistent with Jim’s signs and symptoms?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Dysphagia
Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing. Most commonly, dysphagia is due to neuromuscular damage preventing the swallowing reflex from working normally. In Jim’s case, his stroke likely compromised the neuromuscular component of the swallowing reflex. Eating smaller meals with easily swallowed foods will help Jim.
Question 8 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Margaret has pain in her abdomen that is relieved with eating. She also reports experiencing increasing melena. She states her stomach pain can be quite severe and she is worried her condition is worsening. A urea breath test is positive for H. pylori.
What disorder does Margaret have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
duodenal ulcer
Duodenal ulcers are erosions that develop in the small intestine. The presence of melena indicates damage and bleeding in the intestinal tract. H. pylori, one of the most common causes of GI ulcers, produces an enzyme that breaks down urea. A positive urea breath test result indicates the presence of H. pylori. H. pylori can damage the GI tract to the point that bleeding occurs.
Question 9 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Noah, a newborn, is experiencing projectile vomiting, and his family rushes him to the emergency department. The family states that it seems as if anything Noah recently has tried to eat is not being absorbed. An X-ray reveals surgery will be necessary.
What disorder does Noah have?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Pyloric stenosis
In pyloric stenosis, the pyloric valve, leading from the stomach to the small intestine, does not open properly. As stomach contents cannot leave the stomach as expected, projectile vomiting may be induced. Surgical correction of the stenosis is necessary.
Question 10 of 10
Make the connection. For each set of patient signs and symptoms or description of pathophysiologic process, drag and drop the correct disorder.
Warren presents with severe duodenal ulcers. As the physician examines the laboratory results, serum gastrin levels are noted to be 20 times higher than normal.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
celiac disease
dumping syndrome
duodenal ulcer
dysphagia
gastric ulcer
hernia
peritonitis
pyloric stenosis
UGIB
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
The hallmark of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is very elevated gastrin levels resulting from a gastrinoma. The high levels of gastrin stimulate hydrochloric acid production by the stomach causing the formation of ulcers. Surgical removal of the tumor is needed.
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following medications may increase the risk for an upper GI disorder?
Statins
ACE inhibitors
Diuretic
NSAIDs
NSAIDs
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following involves gastrin-secreting tumors?
Grey Turner Syndrome
LES
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Celiac Disease
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Question 3 of 5
Which bacteria is the most common cause of chronic gastritis?
Helicobacter pylori
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Clostridium difficile
Helicobacter pylori
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following may result in dumping syndrome?
Pyloric stenosis
GERD
Bariatric surgery
Esophageal varices
Bariatric surgery
Question 5 of 5
An autoimmune response to gluten-derived peptides is known as _____________.
peptic ulcer disease
Celiac disease
rickets
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Celiac disease
