Inflammation and Wound Healing (Davis advantage) Activity Flashcards
Which of the following are incorrectly matched? Select all that apply.
Purulent exudate - pus Leukocytosis - decreased white blood cell number Primary intention - clear wound edges Neutrophils – first responders Pyrogens - lower body temperature
Leukocytosis - decreased white blood cell number
Pyrogens - lower body temperature
Which of the following wound states is most likely to require a skin graft?
Acute intention
Tertiary intention
Primary intention
Secondary intention
Tertiary intention
Which of the following may be associated with poor wound healing? Select all that apply.
corticosteroid usage infection diabetes mellitus leukocytosis increased capillary p
corticosteroid usage
infection
diabetes mellitus
A client with keloids on the upper extremities asks the nurse how to treat keloid formation. Which is the best response of the nurse?
“Increasing the blood supply to the arms by exercising will help treat keloid formation.”
“Drinking more water can help treat keloid formation.”
“Keeping your skin clean will help treat keloid formation.”
“Cosmetic surgery can reduce keloids.”
“Cosmetic surgery can reduce keloids.”
Which prostaglandin synthesis enzyme yields protective prostaglandins?
Lipooxygenase
Arachidonase
Cyclooxygenase-1
Cyclooxygenase-2
Cyclooxygenase-1
John, age 37, appears at your clinic complaining of pain and soreness in his knee. Several days prior, John had undergone knee surgery to repair a tear in the medial meniscus.
The surgical laceration is considered a _________________ intention.
primary
secondary
tertiary
primary intention.
In a primary intention, the wound edges are close together and scarring is minimal. In a secondary intention, the wound is allowed to granulate, and wound care is needed daily. The wound may be packed with gauze or allowed to drain. In tertiary intention, delayed wound closure often results in significant scarring.
To reduce pain and swelling, John had been taking an anti-prostaglandin medication. Which enzyme is involved in the formation of prostaglandins associated with pain and swelling?
Lipooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase-1
Cyclooxygenase-2
Arachidonase
Cyclooxygenase- 2 is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. The prostaglandins formed are associated with inflammation and swelling.
Although John’s medication reduces swelling and inflammation, he is complaining that it is hurting his stomach. Which enzyme is involved with the production of protective prostaglandins that help maintain the health of the gastric mucosa? Lipooxygenase Cyclooxygenase-1 Cyclooxygenase-2 Arachidonase
Cyclooxygenase-1 is involved with prostaglandin synthesis that stimulates the formation of mucus in the GI tract. If this pathway is disrupted, for example by anti-prostaglandin medications, patients may complain of GI upset.
When you examine the wound, you note the appearance of redness and warmth. Fluid appearing to contain cells and proteins, known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, is seeping from the edges of the wound. eschar abscess exudate transudate
Exudate is fluid that contains proteins and cells. Transudate is clear fluid, as found in a blister. Eschar is dead tissue that falls off from healthy skin. An abscess is a walled-off area of infection.
John’s body temperature is slightly elevated. You know that fevers are a common sign of infection caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, chemical signals that reset the hypothalamic thermostat. chemotaxis leukotrienes pyrogens histimine
Pyrogens are exogenous or endogenous chemical signals that cause fever. Chemotaxis refers to the movement towards a chemical signal, whereas leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators released by white blood cells.
Laboratory analysis of John’s blood reveals an elevated white blood cell count of 12,000 cells per microliter, known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. leukemoid reaction neutropenia leukocytosis leukopenia
Leukocytosis is an elevation in total white blood cell number. This often occurs with illness and infection. Leukopenia is a reduction in total white blood cell number. A leukemoid reaction is extremely elevated WBC levels (above 50,000 cells/microliter).
In addition, mediators of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, were shown to be elevated. PT ALT ESR AST
ESR, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, along with CRP are generic markers of inflammation. Although they are not specifically diagnostic, elevation in these factors can be used to assess the presence of inflammation due to infection or autoimmune diseases. PT refers to “prothrombin time” and is used to assess blood clotting. ALT and AST are liver enzymes that may elevate in the blood with liver damage.
You believe John is suffering from poor wound healing and inflammation due to infection of the surgical wound site. This does not appear to be a long-term, or chronic, inflammatory response, but rather an acute response to an infectious agent. Thus, anti-microbial medications, rather than long-term anti-inflammatory agents such as\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, are prescribed. opioids corticosteroids beta blockers analgesics
Corticosteroids are prescribed to reduce chronic inflammation associated with certain diseases, such as asthma. Corticosteroids work by suppressing inflammatory gene expression and inflammatory mediators. Opioids are used to relieve pain, while beta blockers are used to manage cardiac arrhythmias. Analgesics lessen pain.
You inform John that you are not surprised his wound is healing slowly. Which of the following is the most important cause of delayed healing?
Poor surgical technique
Infections
Too much protein in the diet
Adequate oxygen delivery to the injury area
Check Answer
Infection is the single most important cause of delayed healing. A wound’s susceptibility to infection is influenced by the patient’s immune strength, the type of wound present, and conditions of injury. The presence of infection perpetuates the inflammation phase and delays the formation of granulation tissue and collagen synthesis.
Which of the following are associated with inflammation? Select all that apply.
Swelling Increased blood flow Increased vascular permeability Redness Warmth
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Swelling Increased blood flow Increased vascular permeability Redness Warmth
