Hypersensitivities and Autoimmune Disorders Flashcards
Pre-Assessment
Question 1 of 5
Which diagnostic test would be ordered by the primary healthcare provider to confirm sarcoidosis?
Electrocardiogram
Blood test
Chest x-ray
Magnetic resonance imaging
Chest x-ray
Pre-Assessment
Question 2 of 5
A client is suffering from scleroderma. Which symptom might develop in the client on exposure to cold?
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Joint swelling
Calcinosis
Kaposi’s sarcom
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Pre-Assessment
Question 3 of 5
A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about rheumatoid arthritis. Assess the statements made by the student nurse and choose the statement that indicates the need for further teaching.
“Characteristic deformities occur in the joints of the hands.”
“Swan neck and Boutonniere deformity of fingers are observed.”
“Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis have similar etiologies.”
“Joint pain is worse in the morning or upon waking.”
“Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis have similar etiologies.”
Pre-Assessment
Question 4 of 5
A client with rheumatoid arthritis has Sjögren’s syndrome. What should be included in the care plan of the client to treat Sjögren’s syndrome? Select all that apply.
Administration of ophthalmic solution Thymus gland transplant ART regimen Including citrus fruits in the diet Administration of medications to stimulate salivary gland function
Administration of ophthalmic solution
Administration of medications to stimulate salivary gland function
Pre-Assessment
Question 5 of 5
A client develops itching, skin erythema, and tongue edema immediately after having peanuts. On examination, the client is found to have low blood pressure. What medication would be given to treat this condition? Select all that apply.
Intranasal corticoid Glucocorticoid Antihistamine Epinephrine Aspirin
Glucocorticoid
Antihistamine
Epinephri
Question 1 of 8
You are a clinician working at a local family practice clinic. Karen, a 34-year-old woman, has visited the clinic 3 times in the past 3 months with a variety of complaints. After researching her symptoms online, Karen has come to the conclusion that she is suffering from an autoimmune disease.
As you take Karen’s recent health history, she makes several comments about what she has read online. Which of the following statements from Karen about autoimmune diseases is true?
“Certain autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, are more common in women.”
“Autoimmune diseases are genetic. They just appear out of nowhere and for no apparent reason.”
“Autoimmune diseases affect only one organ in the body at a time, and it is usually the lungs.”
“There are no diagnostic tests available for autoimmune diseases.”
Certain autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, are more common in women.”
Some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are more common in women. A genetic predisposition does exist for some autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases may be systemic or organ specific, and some have very specific diagnostic tests and criteria.
Question 2 of 8
With all her research, Karen thinks she may have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). You listen to Karen describe her signs and symptoms. Which of the following would be supportive of Karen’s potential self-diagnosis? Select all that apply.
In cold weather, Karen reports if she does not have gloves on, her fingers turn white and cold.
Her eyes and mouths are “constantly” dry.
She develops hives when outside in the summer.
She has severe joint pain and swelling.
She is “extremely” tired and lost 8 pounds since she began seeking medical care 3 months ago.
In cold weather, Karen reports if she does not have gloves on, her fingers turn white and cold.
She has severe joint pain and swelling.
She is “extremely” tired and lost 8 pounds since she began seeking medical care 3 months ago.
Raynaud’s phenomenon, cold and white fingers, may accompany SLE. Joint pain and swelling, severe weight loss, and fatigue are common signs and symptoms of SLE. Hives are a type I hypersensitivity.
Question 3 of 8
Which of the following signs would you find during Karen’s examination to support the diagnosis of SLE?
Tightening of the skin in the facial area
Swab neck deformity of the hands
Butterfly-shaped rash on cheeks
Dry eyes
Butterfly-shaped rash on cheeks
A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks commonly appears in those affected by SLE. Swan neck deformities are common in rheumatoid arthritis. Tightening of the skin in the facial area may occur with scleroderma, and dry eyes are a sign of Sjogren’s syndrome.
Question 4 of 8
Karen continues providing her health history, including that she is severely allergic to pollen. Which type of hypersensitivity does this represent? Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Type I
Type I hypersensitivities are commonly known as “allergens.”
Question 5 of 8
Karen also tells you that she just recently developed a “horrible, disgusting” rash, which may be from accidentally touching some poison ivy while weeding her garden. Karen states she thought she was fine because she didn’t see a rash, but 2 days later she began to itch and found a rash had formed. What type of hypersensitivity does Karen’s rash represent? Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Type IV
Type IV hypersensitivities, which are T-cell mediated, are considered “delayed hypersensitivities” because they develop days after exposure.
Question 6 of 8
You find Karen’s descriptions helpful but want to obtain some more definitive information about her health. What laboratory tests would you order to help with the diagnosis of SLE? Select all that apply. RF positive ANA elevation CRP elevation ESR Anti-dsDNA
ANA elevation
CRP elevation
ESR
Anti-dsDNA
RF stands for rheumatoid factor and does not help with SLE diagnosis. Although there is no single diagnostic test for SLE, elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and anti-dsDNA all point to SLE.
Question 7 of 8
During the consultation, Karen continually rubs her eyes. She says that her eyes are constantly dry and irritated, and that she has problems swallowing. She asks you if these are signs of SLE. Which of the following conditions do you tell her is associated with dry eyes and mouth? Scleroderma Sjogren’s syndrome Polyarteritis nodosa Sarcoidosis
Sjögren’s syndrome
Sjorgen’s syndrome attacks the lacrimal and salivary glands leading to dry eyes and dry mouth
Question 1 of 5
Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for an allergic response?
IgE
IgG
IgD
IgM
IgE
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following may be a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Splayed hand appearance
Watery eyes and rhinorrhea
Dry eyes
Butterfly-shaped rash across cheeks
Butterfly-shaped rash across cheeks
Question 3 of 5
Which type of hypersensitivity presents as a “delayed” reaction, such as with poison ivy?
Type II hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type I hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
