Acid base imbalances (Davis Advantage) Flashcards
Read each clinical scenario and then drag and drop the suspected acid-base imbalance that is best exemplified by that scenario.
Karen presents with rapid respirations, cyanosis, and tachycardia. She recently had an upper respiratory infection and was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) 5 years ago. Her blood pH is acidic and CO2 levels are higher than normal.
Karen’s symptoms, lab findings and history point to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. compensated metabolic acidosis compensated metabolic alkalosis compensated respiratory acidosis compensated respiratory alkalosis uncompensated metabolic acidosis uncompensated metabolic alkalosis uncompensated respiratory acidosis uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
The acidic pH indicates this is an uncompensated condition. Rapid respirations coupled with elevated CO2 and cyanosis indicate uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
Read each clinical scenario and then drag and drop the suspected acid-base imbalance that is best exemplified by that scenario.
Carl has type 1 diabetes and has arrived in the emergency room with tachycardia, Kussmaul’s respirations, and a fruity acetone smell to his breath. His blood pH measures in the acidic levels with lower than normal CO2 levels, and an elevated anion gap.
Carl’s symptoms, lab findings and history point to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. compensated metabolic acidosis compensated metabolic alkalosis compensated respiratory acidosis compensated respiratory alkalosis uncompensated metabolic acidosis uncompensated metabolic alkalosis uncompensated respiratory acidosis uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated metabolic acidosis
Because the blood pH is acidic with lower than normal CO2 levels, the condition is an uncompensated metabolic acidosis. A fruity, acetone smell to the breath likely indicates the presence of ketones. People with type I diabetes may form ketones in certain situations. Ketones are acidic, leading to Carl’s state of uncompensated metabolic acidosis. The presence of ketones also elevates the anion gap.
Read each clinical scenario and then drag and drop the suspected acid-base imbalance that is best exemplified by that scenario.
May was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) 7 years ago. She presents with rapid respirations, cyanosis, and tachycardia. She recently had an upper respiratory infection. Her blood pH is acidic. Medical intervention, including respiratory stimulants and bronchodilators, helps stabilize May’s breathing and arterial blood gases. Blood pH returns to the normal range.
May’s symptoms, lab findings and history point to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. compensated metabolic acidosis compensated metabolic alkalosis compensated respiratory acidosis compensated respiratory alkalosis uncompensated metabolic acidosis uncompensated metabolic alkalosis uncompensated respiratory acidosis uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
compensated respiratory acidosis
In this case, as blood pH has returned to the normal range, the acid-base disorder would be considered “compensated.” Initial pH was acidic, a recent upper respiratory infection and a prior COPD diagnosis point to a respiratory condition. Taking all of this into account, May has compensated respiratory acidosis.
Read each clinical scenario and then drag and drop the suspected acid-base imbalance that is best exemplified by that scenario.
Meryl, a 72-year-old woman, presents with hyperventilation due to severe anxiety. Respirations are shallow and very rapid. Speaking is difficult due to an elevated respiratory rate. Her arterial blood gases reveal an elevated pH value and lower than normal CO2 levels.
Meryl’s symptoms, lab findings and history point to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. compensated metabolic acidosis compensated metabolic alkalosis compensated respiratory acidosis compensated respiratory alkalosis uncompensated metabolic acidosis uncompensated metabolic alkalosis uncompensated respiratory acidosis uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Read each clinical scenario and then drag and drop the suspected acid-base imbalance that is best exemplified by that scenario.
Lily is a four-year-old-girl, who has been experiencing severe vomiting for the past three days. Vital signs reveal a slightly elevated heart rate with slow respirations. Her pH is elevated as well, with higher than normal CO2 values and a normal anion gap.
Lily’s symptoms, lab findings and history point to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. compensated metabolic acidosis compensated metabolic alkalosis compensated respiratory acidosis compensated respiratory alkalosis uncompensated metabolic acidosis uncompensated metabolic alkalosis uncompensated respiratory acidosis uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
Elevated blood pH with lower than normal CO2 indicates uncompensated metabolic alkalosis is occurring. Severe vomiting can cause alkalosis through loss of hydrogen chloric acid with stomach contents. Electrolyte imbalances due to vomiting can also result in the kidneys reabsorbing fewer hydrogen ions. As these causes are not respiratory in nature, the patient has uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
Read each clinical scenario and then drag and drop the suspected acid-base imbalance that is best exemplified by that scenario.
Patricia has mild bacterial pneumonia and is being treated with antibiotics. Labored breathing, with increased rate and depth, is noted. Cyanosis is present. Initial values for arterial blood gases reveal elevated pH and below normal carbon dioxide and oxygen levels. With treatment, pH has returned to a normal pH value.
Patricia’s symptoms, lab findings and history point to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. compensated metabolic acidosis compensated metabolic alkalosis compensated respiratory acidosis compensated respiratory alkalosis uncompensated metabolic acidosis uncompensated metabolic alkalosis uncompensated respiratory acidosis uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
compensated respiratory alkalosis
Patricia’s disorder involves the respiratory system. Arterial blood gas values initially show elevated pH accompanied by lower than normal carbon dioxide. As pH returns to normal, Patricia has compensated respiratory alkalosis.
Read each clinical scenario and then drag and drop the suspected acid-base imbalance that is best exemplified by that scenario.
Mitchell has type 1 diabetes. He arrives in the emergency room with tachycardia, Kussmaul’s respirations, and a fruity acetone smell to his breath. His body works to adapt to the changes brought on by his current condition, and with medical intervention, arterial blood gases reveal a normal pH value at this time.
Mitchell’s symptoms, lab findings and history point to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. compensated metabolic acidosis compensated metabolic alkalosis compensated respiratory acidosis compensated respiratory alkalosis uncompensated metabolic acidosis uncompensated metabolic alkalosis uncompensated respiratory acidosis uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
compensated metabolic acidosis
As arterial blood gases reveal a pH in the normal range, following a deviation, this is considered a “compensated” state. Ketone formation, rather than respiratory issues, accounts for the initial acidic pH, leading to a diagnosis of compensated metabolic acidosis.
Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but …
In the bicarbonate system in the body, bicarbonate acts as a(n) _____________, while hydrogen is a(n) _____________.
acid, base
neutral substance, base
base, acid
neutral substance, acid
base, acid
If a patient presents with metabolic acidosis, which of the following signs would you expect to observe?
Increased respiratory rate
Increased pH
Decreased urination
Lower than normal H+ ion levels
Increased respiratory rate
Which measurement assesses the difference between measured cations (sodium and potassium) and anions (chloride and bicarbonate) in the blood?
Serum osmolarity
pH
Oncotic pressure
Anion gap
Anion gap
An elderly woman appears in the clinic struggling to catch her breath. She was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease two years prior. Arterial blood gases reveal lower than normal pH and elevated carbon dioxide. What acid-base imbalance is she suffering?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
A significant loss of acidic gastric fluids via vomiting may cause _______________.
metabolic alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
metabolic acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkadosis
