Basic Pathologies of Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Question 1 of 8
For each question, choose whether the symptoms indicate a primary, secondary, or tertiary endocrine disorder.
Mr. Thompson’s adrenal problem originates in the adrenal cortex.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
When the hormonal abnormality originates in the organ itself, it is considered a primary disorder.
Question 2 of 8
For each question, choose whether the symptoms indicate a primary, secondary, or tertiary endocrine disorder.
Mrs. Jacobi’s adrenal problem originates in the hypothalamus.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
Endocrine disorders originating in the hypothalamus are tertiary disorders.
Question 3 of 8
For each question, choose whether the symptoms indicate a primary, secondary, or tertiary endocrine disorder.
Ms. Wallace’s adrenal problem originates in the pituitary gland.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
A secondary condition arises when the hormonal signaling problem occurs in the pituitary gland.
Question 4 of 8
For each question, choose whether the symptoms indicate a primary, secondary, or tertiary endocrine disorder.
Ms. Lee is experiencing elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary and reduced thyroid hormone levels.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
When TSH is elevated, but thyroid hormone levels remain low, this is a primary disorder. The thyroid glands are the problem. They are receiving a signal to produce thyroid hormone, but are unable to respond.
Mr. Ruiz is experiencing reduced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary and elevated cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
A primary disorder occurs when the problem is in the end organ. In this example, the adrenal cortex is not receiving a signal to produce cortisol, as shown by reduced ACTH from the anterior pituitary. However, the adrenal cortex is continuing to produce cortisol despite a lack of signal.
Question 6 of 8
For each question, choose whether the symptoms indicate a primary, secondary, or tertiary endocrine disorder.
Mrs. Smith is experiencing elevated thyrotropic-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary, and elevated thyroid hormones.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
A tertiary disorder is a signaling problem from the hypothalamus. In this case, the hypothalamus is overproducing TRH, which stimulates TSH, which in turn stimulates the thyroid gland. In a normal response, elevated thyroid hormones would suppress TRH from the hypothalamus through negative feedback.
Question 7 of 8
For each question, choose whether the symptoms indicate a primary, secondary, or tertiary endocrine disorder.
Mr. Wilson is experiencing elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary and elevated cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
A secondary disorder arises from improper signaling from the anterior pituitary. Normally, elevated cortisol levels should suppress further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary. In a secondary disorder, the anterior pituitary no longer responds appropriately to this signal.
Question 8 of 8
For each question, choose whether the symptoms indicate a primary, secondary, or tertiary endocrine disorder.
Ms. Ang is experiencing low corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus, elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary, and elevated cortisol from the adrenal gland.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Secondary
Problems in the anterior pituitary result in secondary disorders. In this case, the anterior pituitary is not responding correctly to signals from other glands. Elevated cortisol normally negatively feedbacks and reduces ACTH. Low CRF indicates the anterior pituitary is not being signaled to produce more ACTH. Despite this, the anterior pituitary is continuing to produce elevated ACTH levels, which in turn cause elevated cortisol levels.
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following describe possible endocrine dysfunction? Select all that apply.
Hormone resistance Hormone balance Hormone excess Hormone juggling Hormone deficiency
Hormone resistance
Hormone excess
Hormone deficiency
Question 2 of 5
The hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ progression of hormones is best represented by _____________.
corticotropin-releasing factor – adrenocorticotropic hormone – cortisol
cortisol – corticotropin-releasing factor – adrenocorticotropic hormone
cortisol – adrenocorticotropic hormone – corticotropin-releasing factor
corticotropin-releasing factor – cortisol – adrenocorticotropic hormone
corticotropin-releasing factor – adrenocorticotropic hormone – cortisol
Question 3 of 5
If thyrotropin-releasing hormone, from the hypothalamus, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, from the anterior pituitary, are both lower than normal and thyroid hormone levels are elevated, the thyroid gland is demonstrating ___________________.
hypofunction
hyperfunction
normal function
reduced function
hyperfunction
Question 4 of 5
Endocrine laboratory values reveal your patient has a tumor of the anterior pituitary. This tumor secretes excess adrenocorticotropic hormone, which stimulates cortisol secretion by the adrenal gland. What type of endocrine dysfunction does your patient have?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
No hormone dysfunction
Secondary
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following laboratory values indicates a primary disorder of the thyroid gland?
Low thyrotropin-releasing hormone, low thyroid-stimulating hormone, high thyroid hormone
High thyrotropin-releasing hormone, high thyroid-stimulating hormone, high thyroid hormone
Low thyrotropin-releasing hormone, low thyroid-stimulating hormone, low thyroid hormone
Normal thyrotropin-releasing hormone, normal thyroid-stimulating hormone, normal thyroid hormone
Low thyrotropin-releasing hormone, low thyroid-stimulating hormone, high thyroid hormone
