Disorders of Red Blood Cells Flashcards
What is the expected hematocrit level in a woman with polycythemia? 60% 45% 48% 37% 15%
60%
Which cell types are low in aplastic anemia? Select all that apply. leukocytes hepatocytes erythrocytes thrombocytes osteocyte
leukocytes
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
Which of the following are hemoglobinopathies? Select all that apply.
Aplastic anemia Primary polycythemia Thalassemia Sickle cell anemia Secondary polycythemia
halassemia
Sickle cell anemia
Question 4 of 5
Which findings are consistent with folic acid deficiency anemia? Select all that apply.
Low Hgb levels Elevated tHCy levels Folic acid levels lower than 4 ng/mL High Hct levels MCV high
Low Hgb levels
Elevated tHCy levels
Folic acid levels lower than 4 ng/mL
MCV high
Question 5 of 5
A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about sickle cell anemia. Which statements made by the student nurse indicates effective learning? Select all that apply.
“Sickle cell anemia can be detected in a blood sample screened for Hgb S.”
“Sickle cell anemia is a form of primary polycythemia.”
“Sickle cell anemia is a form of hemoglobinopathy.”
“Aplastic anemia results from sickle cell anemia.”
“Clients with sickle cell anemia inherited the disease.”
“Sickle cell anemia is a form of hemoglobinopathy.”
“Clients with sickle cell anemia inherited the disease.”
Question 1 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Because of family history, the physician orders hemoglobin electrophoresis tests for Jordan. The results are positive for hemoglobin S.
What disorder does the patient have?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
sickle cell anemia
Electrophoresis helps to distinguish between different forms of hemoglobin based on size and shape. Hemoglobin S is the type of hemoglobin formed from the sickle cell gene.
Question 2 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Ethan presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and hyperventilation. You learn that he received a severe wound while using a chain saw. Laboratory results reveal low hematocrit, low hemoglobin, and normocytic normochromic anemia.
What condition is consistent with these lab values?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
acute blood loss
The patient’s injury induced acute blood loss resulting in anemia. Blood loss in this manner causes a reduction in red blood cells, lowering the percentage of red blood cells in the sample, also known as hematocrit. Hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells, is also lost with bleeding. In this type of anemia, cell size and shape are unchanged, hence the terms normocytic and normochromic.
Question 3 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Stephanie has systemic lupus erythematous. Her peripheral blood smear reveals spherocytosis and poikilocytosis. Reticulocyte percentage is elevated.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
Spherocytosis and poikilocytosis are apparent on peripheral blood smears in which RCB hemolysis has occurred. These terms indicate shape changes associated with hemolysis. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells. Percentage of reticulocytes elevates in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, when a large number of red blood cells are being destroyed.
Question 4 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Nina, age 23, has the primary complaint of heavy menstrual periods. Blood laboratory values show low hemoglobin and hematocrit with microcytic and hypochromic cells. Serum ferritin is low with elevated total iron binding capacity.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
Iron is an essential component in the synthesis of hemoglobin. Without adequate iron, as indicated by low serum ferritin and elevated total iron binding capacity, red blood cell formation cannot proceed as normal. Lacking the necessary hemoglobin, red blood cells take on a smaller, paler appearance.
Question 5 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Timothy was recently diagnosed with pernicious anemia and presents with complaints of fatigue and dyspnea. He also comments that his tongue “hurts” and feels “strange,” and he is experiencing tingling in his hands and fingers. Laboratory values reveal low hemoglobin and hematocrit, with high mean corpuscular volume values.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
In pernicious anemia, the ability to absorb vitamin B12 is compromised. As this vitamin is necessary for DNA synthesis, lack of this vitamin affects red blood cell synthesis. Abnormal DNA synthesis and an altered growth cycle result in larger than normal cells. Vitamin B12 is also important for neuronal signaling. Deficiencies in this vitamin may cause tingling sensations in the hands. It may also cause swelling of the tongue.
Question 6 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Rosalie reports bruising easily and nose bleeds. Bone marrow biopsy results reveal hypocellularity throughout, and CBC values show reduced red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and reticulocytes.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
acute blood loss
Aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia may be caused by a number of factors, including some medications. In aplastic anemia, all bone marrow cell types are reduced, known as pancytopenia.
Question 7 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Peter has been experiencing headaches, tinnitus, vertigo, and nosebleeds. Blood laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 18 g/dL and a hematocrit level of 55%. White blood cells and platelets are also elevated. Erythropoietin is low.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
In primary polycythemia, an overproduction of red blood cells occurs, independent of any secondary conditions. The fact that erythropoietin is low indicates it is not a hormonal signal stimulating red blood cell formation. Normal hemoglobin levels are 14 to 16 g/dL and normal hematocrit is 40 to 45 percent.
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Question 8 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Monica has Crohn’s disease and has been experiencing weakness and fatigue. Peripheral blood smear shows megaloblastic cells. Blood laboratory results also show low hemoglobin and hematocrit with high mean corpuscular volume. Homocysteine levels are also high.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia may arise for folic acid deficiency, as folic acid is necessary for DNA synthesis and subsequent normal cell division. Without this nutrient, red blood cells may become enlarged, while hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are low due to poor cell synthesis. Homocysteine levels often elevate in conjunction with inadequate folate.
Question 9 of 9
For each clinical scenario, drag and drop the hematologic condition that matches with the laboratory result.
Nassar is a child of Middle Eastern descent. Nassar’s parents state that he often seems to tire easily, and he has had jaundice in the past. He also is on the lower end of the growth curve for his age. A CBC reveals low hematocrit and hemoglobin and MCHC anemia. Electrophoresis reveals Hgb with missing beta chains.
What condition is consistent with these findings?
acute blood loss
aplastic anemia
folic acid deficiency anemia
hemolytic anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
primary polycythemia
sickle cell anemia
thalassemia
vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
thalassemia
Thalassemia is a genetic disease in which the alpha or beta chains of hemoglobin are missing or variant. This leads to anemia, jaundice and, in children, can stunt growth.
Question 1 of 5
Which factor stimulates red blood cell production?
thrombin
erythropoietin
angiotensin
tissue plasminogen activator
erythropoietin
