Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

3 principle functions of the respiratory system, AND its t2o side functions

A 
1-air conduction
2-air filtration
3-gas exchange
-speech (phonation)
-olfaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 functional divisions of the respiratory system, and what are the components w/in each

A

conducting division - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bonchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
respiratory division - respiratory bronchiols, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what blood vessels from the heart enter the lungs and branch as they follow the bronchiole tree ?

A

right pulmonary vessels carrying deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does air “conditioning” occur and what happens during this ?

A

occurs in conducting division
-air is warmed, moistened via mucous and serous secretions via goblet cells
-cilia sweep particles away from lungs
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 layers of the walls of the conducting system pasageways from innermost to out

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of epithelium makes up the mucosal layer of conducting passageways

A

respiratory epithelium

  • ciliated pseudostratified collumnar epithelium
  • some nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 cell types found w/in respiratory epithelium

A

1 - ciliated collumnar cells
2 - goblet cells (mucous secretions)
3 - basal cells (stem cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Not all areas of the conduction system have 3 layers in their walls, specifically when do the submucosa and adventitia layers start to appear

A

trachea region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are internal nares called ? what about external nares

A

internal nares - choanae

external nares - nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where would you find nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium in “respitory epithelium”

A

in areas of high friction

  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the pharynx

A
  • connects nasal/oral cavities to larynx and esophagus

- passageway for food and air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx, and function of each

A

1 - nasopharynx - air passageway
2 - oropharynx - food/air passageway
3 - laryngopharynx - food/air passageway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of epithelium would you find at the 3 different parts of the pharyn

A
  • nasopharynx - ciliated psuedostratified collumnar ep.
  • oropharynx - nonkeratinized stratified squamous ep.
  • laryngopharynx - nonkeratinized stratified squamous ep.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the larynx

A
  • air passageway b/w laryngopharynx and trachea

- conducts air and is the organ of speech (phonation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the purpose of cartilage rings found in the larynx

A

-keep an open airway useful in sound prod, and swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cartilage rings made of hyaline cartilage in the larynx form ?

A

thyroid and ciricoid cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cartilage rings made of elastic cartilage in the larynx make up ?

A

epiglottis, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of larynx feature is made of a mix hyaline and elastic cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what closes the entrance into the larynx to prevent food from entering the lungs during swallowing

A

epiglottis

20
Q

intrinsic muscles connected to the _______ cartilages can change the pitch of sounds

A

arytenoid

21
Q

what is the function of the trachea, what is it made up of and what does it divide into ?

A

conduit for air

  • C shaped hyaline cartilage rings
  • divides into 2 primary bronchi
22
Q

what are the 4 layers of the wall of the trachea from in to out

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • cartilaginous layer w. trachealis m.
  • adventita
23
Q

the basement membrane of the respiratory epithelium is the thickest in what part of the conduction system

A

mucosa layer of the trachea

24
Q

where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea

A

posterior to trachea,

reason for opening of C shaped rings on posterior trachea*

25
Q

as the conducting system passageways branch and become smaller in diameter, what 3 things happen

A

1 - cartilage decreases
2 - smooth muscle decreases
3 - lining of epithelial cells decreases

26
Q

what does the SNS and PNS affect the smooth muscle of the conducting system

A

SNS - relaxes smooth m to dilate airways = more O2

PNS - constricts smooth. = less O2

27
Q

what is the diff. b/w the right and left main bronchi

A

right is shorter, wider, and more vertical

reason why most shit gets stuck in right bronchi

28
Q

what do main/primary bronchi divide into ?

A

secondary/lobar bronchi

  • 3 on the right
  • 2 on the left
29
Q

what do secondary/lobar bronchi divide into

A

tertiary/segmental bronchi

  • 10 on right
  • 8/10 on left
30
Q

what makes up a bronchopulmonary segment

A

1 tertiary bronchi + surrounding vessels and tissue septa

31
Q

what are the 5 layers of the walls of bronchi from out to in

A 
mucosa
musculuaris (smooth m. layer)
submucosa
cartilaginous layer
adventitia
32
Q

what characteristics of bronchioles set them apart from bronchi

A
  • 1 mm or less in diameter
  • No cartilage in walls
  • no glnads in submucosa
33
Q

what type of epithelium do you find in bronchioles and how does it change as they get smaller in diameter

A

starts as ciliated pseudostratified collumnar epithelium

  • –> ciliated simple columnar epithelium
  • ———-> ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
34
Q

what type of epithelium would you find in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles

A

ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium

-cilia lost as move distally

35
Q

what is the function of Clara cells and where would they be fou8nd

A
  • secrete lipoprotein preventing bronchial wall adhesion during exhalation( similar to surfactant)
  • found in terminal and resp. bronchioles
36
Q

in the resp. bronchioles, what is the diff. in cell types found proximally vs. distally

A

proximally find ciliated cells and clara cells

distally on clara cells

37
Q

when looking at a cross section how can you tell the difference b/w a terminal bronchiole and a resp. bronchiole

A

you will see change from epithelial lining in terminal bronchioles, to a alveloi lining in resp. bronchioles
start of gas exchange

38
Q

what is the diff. b/w the alveolar duct and alveolar sac

A

duct has an alveoli lining like a hallway

sac is blind ended cul-de-sac w/alveoli around it

39
Q

what is the term for the wall seperating two alveoli

A

alveolar septum or interalveolar septum

40
Q

what are the 5 types of cells found w/in the alveolar septum

A 
1 - Type I alveoli cells
2 - Type 2 alveoli cells
3 - alveolar macrophages
4 - endothelial cells
5 - fibroblasts
41
Q

what is the diff. b/w type I and type II alveoli cells

A

type I - make up 95 % of alveoli surface and are lining cells
type II - 5% of surface and secrete surfactant to lower surface tension

42
Q

what is the cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

-disease in premature babies whose lungs havent fully developed yet to produce surfactant cuz no type II alveolar cells

43
Q

T/F the alveolar septum is important for gas exchange ?

A

F

44
Q

what seperates the air in the alveolus from the blood in capillaries

A

respiratory membrane or blood-air barrier

where gas exchange takes place

45
Q

the blood-air barrier is composed of what 3 things ?

A
  • type I alveloli lining cells
  • fused BL of alveolar cells and capillary endothelial cells
  • cytoplasm of endothelial cells

Anatomy (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions