Olfactory and Visual Systems Flashcards
Bradykinesia (slow movement) would be associated with what disease ?
Parkinsons disease
hemiballismus, a dramatic movement disorder would be the result of damage to where in the brain?
subthalamic nucleus
Chorea, which causes rapid involuntary movements, is a disorder most commonly associated with what disease ?
Huntingtons disease
gait ataxia is most commonly the result of injury to the ______ of the cerebellum
vermis
fearless, and placid behavior, known as Kluber-Bucy Syndrome, is the result to injury where ?
amygdala
the inability or failure to form new memories would be the result of injury to where in the brain ?
hippocampus
hemiparesis and spasticity on one side of the body would occur with an injury to the _______ of the internal capsule
posterior limb
dismetria, or the inability to coordinate movements (touch finger to nose tip), would be the result of injury to _____ of the cerebellum
lateral hemisphere
what are the 2 main functions of olfaction
taste and smell
the origin of the olfactory system that sits in the roof of the nasal cavity is called what ?
olfactory epithelium
what does the olofactory epithelium contain
3 million receptor cells
sensory endings for CN V (irritant smells)
what is structure of an olfactory receptor and why are the unusual amongst other human nuerons
structure : vesicle w/10-30 cilia emerging out
-unique bc its replaced throughout life as its lifespan is only 1-2 months
what are olfactory fila and where do they go ?
- bundles of olfactory axons
- pass through holes in cribiform plate ending in olfactory bulb
- * olfactory fila make up CN I**
olfactory bulb develops as an outgrowth of ?
telencephalon
what are mitral cells
main projection neuron of olfactory bulb which form olfactory tract
what forms the glomerulus in the olfactory bulb
dendrites
each olfactory receptor is specific to _______ mitral cell glomerulus
one
fibers in the olfactory tract have projections to where ? What 2 are where they generally end ?
- anterior olfactory nucleus
- olfactory tubericle
- Primary Olfactory Cortex (Main end)
- Amygdala (Main end)
what two eye structures focus the image on the retina
cornea and lens
focusing and image requires what ? which eye structures allow this to happen
refraction
- cornea (70 %)
- lens (30%)
what does the iris do ?
affects brightness and quality of image focused on retina
the retina has how many nuclear layers ? and how many synapses occur w/in these layers
3 nuclear layers w/ 2 synapse layers
what are the 2 photoreceptors in the retina and what is unique to each
Rods - rhodopsin, low acuity and dim light
Cones - high acuity, color, lots of lights