Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Histology of Digestive System > Flashcards

Histology of Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the associated or accessory digestive organs

A

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 4 main tissue layers of the digestive system from the lumen outward

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa/adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the lamina propria is in what tissue layer of the digestive system ?

A

mucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what main tissue layer has an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer ? what is the purpose of each ?

A

Muscularis externa

  • inner circular - constricts lumen in peristalsis
  • outer longitudinal - dilates lumen in peristalsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is the myenteric nerve plexus found, and what is its function

A

found b/w inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa
-its the brain function of dig. system that controls peristalsis movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the muscle tissue of the lumen in the proximal 1/3 of the esophagus ? middle 1/3 ? distal 1/3 ?

A

proximal 1/3 - skeletal muscle
middle - mixed
distal 1/3 - smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the mesothelium can be found in what major layer of the digestive system

A

serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of epithelium is the mucosal lining in the esophagus ?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what layer would the esophageal glands (proper) be found in the GI system

A

submucosal layer throughout esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what layer would esophageal cardiac glands be found ?

A

lamina propria of mucosal layer in distal esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the stomach

A
  • physical breakdown
  • chemical breakdown of lipids and proteins
  • 10 % absorbtion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of epithelium is the mucosal lining of the stomach ?

A

simple collumnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many individual layers are w/in the muscularis externa in the esophagus ? stomach ?

A

esophagus - 2

stomach - 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3 layers of the muscularis externa in the stomach from the lumen outward

A

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what anatomical region of the stomach would you find gastrin glands ? what do they do ?

A

fundus/body of the stomach in the mucosal layer

-secrete HCl and pepsinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do secretions from glands w/in the mucosal layer reach the lumen ?

A

secretions travel through gastric pits and then into lumen

glands are located at base of pit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how can you tell the difference b/w cardiac glands and pyloric glands

A

both at base of gastric pits BUT

-gastric pits leading to pyloric glands are much longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the folds w/in the stomach called

A

rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

all glands w/in the stomach NEVER go past or extend into what tissue layer

A

muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 3 parts of the fundus of the stomach

A

isthmus, neck, and base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what special cells will you find in the isthmus of the (fundus) stomach

A

stem cells

22
Q

what special cells will you find in the neck of the (fundus) stomach

A

mucous neck cells, parietal cells

23
Q

what is the function of mucous surface and mucous neck cells

A

secrete mucous and adsorption

24
Q

what is the function of parietal cells and where are they found

A

in the neck of the fundus of the stomach

-secrete HCl and intrinsic factor for absorption

25
Q

what special cells will you find in the base of the (fundus) stomach

A
  • chief cells

- G cells (enteroendocrine)

26
Q

what is the function of chief cells and where can you find them

A

base of the fundus

  • secrete pepsinogen (break down proteins)
  • sectrete gastric lipase (break down fats)
27
Q

what is the function of G cells and

A

base of the fundus

-secrete gastrin which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl

28
Q

where does 90 percent of absoprtion in the body take place

A

small intestine

29
Q

what are plicae circularis

A

small circular folds of the small intestine designed to increase surface area
-composed of a villus w/ multiple microvilli at surface

30
Q

what does the small intestine digest

A

nucleic acids

31
Q

the epithelial mucosal lining of the small intestine is what ?

A

simple collumnar epitheliu

32
Q

what are crypts of Lieberkuhn and where are they found

A

intestinal glands found in small intestine at base b/w the villi in the mucosal layer or in mucosal layer of large int.
-Never extend into submucosa

33
Q

where would you find more goblet cells the small intestine or large

A

large intestine cuz they are water absorbative cells

34
Q

how many individual layers of the muscular externa is there in the small int.

A

2

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal
35
Q

what are Brunner’s glands and where can they be found

A

glands in duodenum in the submucosal layer

-produce alkaline mucous to buffer stomach pH

36
Q

what are paneth cells and where can they be found

A

-secrete lysozymes for digestion of bacterial cell walls
and regulate normal bacterial flora
-found in the crypt of lieberkuhn in mucosal layer of small int./

37
Q

what are fingerlike projections of the small intestine designed for adsorption

A

villi

38
Q

in the ileum of the small intestine, aggregations of lymph follicles in the lamina propria and submucosa are referred to as ?

A

Peyer’s patches

39
Q

what are the specialized cells in ileum overlying the peyers patches and what is their purpose

A

M (microfold) cells

-present antigens

40
Q

the absorptive cells in the small intestine are called

A

enterocytes

41
Q

the adsorptive cells in the large intestine are called

A

colonocytes

42
Q

what is the tenia coli and what part of GI tract is it found

A

band of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa layer of the large intestine

43
Q

why are paneth cells not found in the large intestine

A

Because we need bacteria in the large intestines and paneth cells KILL bacteria

44
Q

what is the function of the pancreas

A

98%- exocrine gland to secrete enzymes to surface

2 % - endocrine gland

45
Q

where at in the distal part of the GI tract would you find a shift in the mucosal epithelial lining from simple collumnar epithelium to nonkeratinzed stratified squamous epithelium

A

recto-anal junction

46
Q

where would you find islets of langerhans

A

pancreas

47
Q

where does the liver recieve blood from

A

25 % - oxygenated blood from hepatic artery

75 % - deoxygenated nutrient-rich blood from hepatic portal vein

48
Q

the liver is what shape anatomically

A

6 sided hepatic lobules

49
Q

what are the type of cells that make bile

A

hepatocytes

50
Q

what are the large phagocytic cells lining the sinusoids of the liver

A

Kupffer cells (type of macrophage)

51
Q

explain the path of blood from when it enters the liver to final destination in the hear

A

enters then to liver sinusoids

  • –> central vein —–> hepatic vein
  • ——->inferior vena cava ———-> right atrium of heart
52
Q

what is at each of the 6 corners of the liver

A

portal triad

Anatomy (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions