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Anatomy > Development of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Development of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

the connection b/w the gut and yolk sac during embryonic lateral body folding is known as ?

A

vitelline duct

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2
Q

epithelial lining and the glands of the GI tract are derivatives of what ?

A

endoderm

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3
Q

smooth musculature and conenctive tissue of the GI tract are derivatives of ?

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

parietal peritoneum is of what derivative ?

A

somatic mesoderm

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5
Q

visceral peritoneum is of what derivative

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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6
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and organs

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7
Q

what is a mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall

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8
Q

what is the derivative of dorsal mesentery

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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9
Q

what is the derivative of ventral mesentery

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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10
Q

what type of body folding results in mesenteries

A

lateral folding

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11
Q

which mesentery is split/divided because of the development of the liver

A

ventral mesogastrium

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12
Q

which mesentery becomes the greater omentum

A

dorsal megogastrium

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13
Q

what is the ectodermal contribution to the GI tract

A

neural crest cells migrate and become the enteric nervous system

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14
Q

what are the 3 main divisions of the GI tract, and where are those divisions

A

foregut - esophagus to mid duodenum
midgut - mid duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
hindgut - distal 1/3 of transverse colon to asshole

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15
Q

what is the basis of how the different regions of the GI tract are divided ?

A

based upon blood supply

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16
Q

what artery supplies the foregut

A

celiac trunk a.

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17
Q

what artery supplies the midgut

A

superior mesenteric a.

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18
Q

what artery supplies the hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric a

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19
Q

all arterial supply to the GI tract are branches off what main artery

A

dorsal aorta

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20
Q

what are some of the foregut derivatives

A

pharynx, lower resp. system, esophagus, stomach, proximal 1/2 of duodenum

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21
Q

what is the special name of the endodermal lung bud on the ventral side of the foregut

A

respiratory diverticulum or tracheo-bronchial diverticulum

22
Q

what side of the foregut becomes to the greater curvature and what side does it face after curvature

A

dorsal side, will be on left

23
Q

what type of rotation does the stomach undergo

A

90 degree clockwise rotation

24
Q

what is the recess behind the stomach created by the 90 degree rotation that allows the stomach to expand during eating

A

omental bursa

25
Q

what are the organs that are secondarily retroperitoneal (behind the abdominal cavity) ? what causes this to happen ?

A

duodenum and pancreas

-shifting of stomach 90 CW causes them to turn

26
Q

what endodermal outpouch gives rise to the liver, gall bladder, and bile ducts

A

hepatic diverticulum

27
Q

what organ develops from 2 seperate endodermal buds, one dorsal and one ventral then eventually fuse

A

pancreas

28
Q

the unicate process is + inferior portion of the head of the pancreas are derivatives from what bud of the pancreas

A

ventral bud

29
Q

the main pancreatic duct is made from ?

A

distal dorsal bud duct + ventral bud duct

30
Q

the accessory pancreatic duct is made form ?

A

proximal dorsal bud duct

31
Q

what is the condition of annular pancreas

A

rare condition where ventral bud develops and fuses early causing an obstructive ring around the duodenum = vomiting bile

32
Q

what are some of the midgut derivatives

A

distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and proximal 2/3 transverse colon

33
Q

what is a physiological umbilical herniation and when does this ovvur ?

A

temporary herniation of intestines in midgut loop into the proximal umbilical cord around week 6-10
-NORMAL cuz intestines forming faster than body cavity

34
Q

what is congenital omphalocoele

A

persisting umbilical herniation w/in proximal umbilical cord

35
Q

what is gastrochisis

A

hernia of small int. that doesnt involve umbilical cord

36
Q

explain how the midgut loop undergoes 270 degree rotation

A

1st part - 90 degree CCW while midgut loop still in proximal umbilical cord
2nd part - 180 degree CCW rotation as intestines return to abdomen cavity

37
Q

what is the axis of rotation during the rotation of the midgut

A

superior mesenteric a. (SMA)

38
Q

what parts of the midgut become secondarily retroperitoneal after rotation

A

ascending colon and descending colon

39
Q

kidneys are primary or secondarily retroperitoneal

A

primarily meaning developed w/in peritoneal cavity and remained in the peritoneal cavity

40
Q

what is the end result in a case of non rotation of the midgut

A

Normal 1st rotation BUT NO 2nd rotation

  • small intestines on right
  • Lg. intestines on left or Left sided colon
41
Q

what is the end result of a reversed rotation of the midgut

A

Normal 1st rotation BUT reveresed 2nd rotation

-All in normal posistion EXCEPT duodenum is ventral to transverse colon (usually function normally)

42
Q

what is volvulus and what causes it ?

A

abnormal rotation of midgut intestinal loop = bowel obstruction leading to multiple disorders

43
Q

stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing/constriction

44
Q

atresia

A

abnormally closed or absent lumen

45
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passageway b/w 2 structures

46
Q

explain recanalization of the midgut loop

A

intestines are temporarily plugges at week 6 then

RECANALIZE by epithelial cells dying off eventually reforming lumen at week 8

47
Q

what is Meckel’s Diverticulum

A
  • most common GI malformaiton (especially males)
  • vitelline duct persists as fingerlike outpouching of ileum potentially causing a fistula b/w belly button and intestine =shit out of belly button
48
Q

what are the hindgut derivatives

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

49
Q

the rectum and anal canal are both derivatives of what

A

cloaca or cloacal membrane

50
Q

what divides the cloacal membrane into seperate urogenital membranes and anal membranes

A

urorectal septum

51
Q

how is the partitioning of the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and anorectal canals organized on the body

A

urogenital membrane ventrally

anorectal canal dorsally

52
Q

what is Hirschsprungs disease

A

-Aganglionic megacolon
nueral crest cells fail to migrate and form enteric nervous system
-causes constant constriction of bowel cuz no nervous system to relax = blocks colon and severe constipation

Anatomy (35 decks)

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