Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

what are the 3 main subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

1 - sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
2- parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
3- Enteric nervous system

Question 2

what are some of the similarities b/w the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Answer 2

• visceral sensory fibers
• acsending pathways
• descending motor pathways
• reflexes

Question 3

what is the 1 difference b/w the somatic and autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

Autonomic nervous system efferent fibers use a 2 neuron chain (preganglionic and postganglionic)

Question 4

in the ANS system, which fibers are myelinated, and which are NOT

Answer 4

preganglionic fibers = myelin

postganglionic = unmyelinated

Question 5

where are sympathetic ganglia located ? where are parasympathetic ganglia located ?

Answer 5

SNS - in CNS

PNS - near innervated organ

Question 6

what nuerotransmitter is/are used in the SNS

Answer 6

preganglionic = Ach
postganglionic = norepinephrine

Question 7

what neurotransmitter is/are used in the PNS

Answer 7

Ach

Question 8

where are preganglionic cell bodies located in the SNS, what about PNS

Answer 8

SNS -T1-L2

PNS-brainstem and S2-S4

Question 9

if the SNS is activated, what physiological effects will it have on the cardiorespiratory system

Answer 9

increase heart rate, constrict vasculature, relax lungs

Question 10

if PNS is activated, what effect will it have on cardiorespiratory system ?

Answer 10

decrease heart rate, dilate vasculature, contract lungs

Question 11

if the SNS is activated what effects will it have on GI and GU systems

Answer 11

decrease peristalsis, constrict GI sphincters, ejaculate (shoot)

Question 12

if PNS is activated, what effects will it have on GI and GU systems

Answer 12

increase peristalsis, relax GI sphincters, dilate penis (erection)

Question 13

if SNS is activated what effects will it have on head

Answer 13

contract pupillary dilator, increase lacrimal and salivary gland secretion and increase viscosity

Question 14

if pns is activated what effect will it have on head

Answer 14

contract pupillary sphincter and ciliary mm. increase secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands BUT decrease its viscosity

Question 15

what CN are involved in the PNS

Answer 15

III, VII, IX, X

Question 16

what is CN III preganglionic cell body of PNS called and where can it be found

Answer 16

Edinger-Westphal nucleus, found in rostral midbrain

Question 17

where is CN III postganglionic cell body of PNS and what muscle does it act on

Answer 17

ciliary ganglion, pupillary constrictor and ciliary mm

Question 18

what is the function of the ciliary muscle

Answer 18

accomodation of lens for near vision

Question 19

what is the preganglionic cell body for CN VII of PNS and where is it found

Answer 19

superior salivatory nucleus, tegmentum of pons

Question 20

what are the postganglionic cell bodies of CN VII of PNS , and what do they act on

Answer 20

pterygopalatine ganglion - nasal and lacrimal glands

submandibular ganglion - submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 21

what is the preganglionic cell body of CN IX of PNS and where is it found

Answer 21

inferior salivatory nucleus, in the medulla

Question 22

what is the post ganglionic cell body for CN IX of PNS and what does it act on

Answer 22

otic ganglion, parotid salivary gland

Question 23

what are the preganglionic cell bodies of CN X of PNS and where are the located

Answer 23

dorsal motor nucleus
nucleus ambiguus
-both in medulla

Question 24

where are the postganglionic cell bodies for CN X of PNS

Answer 24

in the walls of target tissue, dont get individual names cuz to many

Question 25

where are the preganglionic cell bodies located for sacral PNS outflow

Answer 25

lateral horn

Question 26

preganglionic SNS fibers have what 4 options after they leave the ventral root ?

Answer 26

1 - synapse in nearest ganglion
2 - ascend to superior cervical ganglion and head
3 - descend to lower back
4 -traverse chain and emerge as splanchnic nerves

Question 27

what are prevertebral ganglia

Answer 27

colalteral ganglia - SNS ganglia that supply fibers to pelvic and abdominal viscera

Question 28

what are the cervical ganglia

Answer 28

3 ganglia of SNS that take input to the head

• superior cervical ganglion
• middle cervical ganglion
• inferior cervical ganglion

Question 29

what aids the cervical ganglion of the SNS to take input to the head

Answer 29

internal carotid artery

Question 30

how do postganglionic fibers reach the head

Answer 30

through cervical ganglia and carotid plexus

Question 31

what system has preganglionic cell bodies that project to the adrenal medulla

Answer 31

SNS

Question 32

what is Horner syndrome

Answer 32

loss of SNS innervation to the face

Question 33

what are the 4 characteristics of Horner syndrome

Answer 33

• ptosis (eyelid droop)
• miosis (small pupil)
• endopthalmos (sunken eye)
• anhydrosis (dry skin)

Question 34

what does a pancoast tumor result in ?

Answer 34

destruction of superior cervical ganglion which takes input to head from SNS, one of the causes of Horner syndrome

Question 35

what syndrome causes ones eyes to be 2 different colors

Answer 35

congenital horners syndrome, happens because lose SNS innervation to the face before age 2. Eye needs SNS to help generate pigment to eyes at young age

Question 36

what is referred pain and how does it occur ?

Answer 36

when pain from viscera is felt at surface, occurs when a visceral structure is innervated by same cord level of a surface structure

Question 37

what system provides primary control of secretion and innervation for the intestinal tract, bladder bladder, and pancreas

Answer 37

enteric nervous system