Development of the Great Vessels Flashcards
what fetal veins form the commom cardinal v. ?
anterior cardinal v.
posterior cardinal v.
what fetal veins form/drain to the sinus venosus ?
- common cardinal v.
- umbilical v.
- vitelline v.
on what surface of the primordial atrium do the right and left horns of the sinus venosus enter ?
dorsal and inferior
what does the fetal vitelline v. carry
returns poorly oxygenated blood from the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle) to the primordial heart
what does the fetal umbilical v. carry
well-oxygenated blood from mother via chorionic sac to the embryo
what does the fetal common cardinal v carry
returns poorly oxygenated blood from the body of the embryo back to primordial heart
how does the left brachiocephalic v. form in adults
in 8th week R and L anterior cardinal vv. anastomize
-caudal part of the L ant. cardinal v degenerates and whats remaining is the left brachiocephalic v.
how is the superior vena cava formed (SVC)
right anterior cardinal v. + right common cardinal v.
makes sense cuz all venous return by SVC is on R side of heart in adult**
the root of the Azygos is formed by ______ and drains to ______ ?
posterior cardinal v.
SVC on right side
how is the common iliac vv. formed
posterior cardinal v
what do the Left and Right umbilical veins become in the adult
- Right umbilical v degenerates
- Left umbilical v. forms the ductus venosus
in the fetal circulation what is the function of the ductus venosus
connects the umbilical v. to IVC and prevents liver overload
what forms the hepatic portal system ?
Left and Right Vitelline vv. CAUDAL to the liver
makes sense cuz portal v. carries blood from GI tract back to heart*
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is composed of ______ segments that formed from ______ number of fetal vv. ?
4 segments formed from 4 vv.
dont need to know specifics
The vast majority of the azygos v. develops from ?
subcardinal v.
the hemizygous v. develops from ?
subcardinal v.
what is the only part of the azygous v. that does not developr from the subcardinal v ?
Root of the azygous
-formed from the posterior cardinal v.
what do the R and L sinus venosus horns become in the adult ?
- R sinus venosus horn becomes sinus venarum (smooth area) in post. wall of R atrium
- L sinus venosus horn becomes coronary sinus
the adult umbilical v. arises from what fetal v. ?
Left umbilical v.
the right brachiocephalic v. in adults comes from ?
Right anterior cardinal v.
what is the function of pulmonary veins in adults
bring oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs
how do the pulmonary veins form in adults
as outgrowths from the posterior wall of the L atrium
truncal ridges arise from what fetal structure, and are derived from what type of cells
arise from truncus arteriosus
-derived from neural crest mesenchyme
where do bulbar ridges arise from , what is their cellular derivative
arise from bulbus cordis
-derived from neural crest mesenchyme
the further development of the truncal and bulbar ridges become ?
aorticopulmonary septum
what is the function of the aorticopulmonary septum
seperate the ascending aorta from the pulmonary trunk
how do the ventricles play a role in where the aorta and pulmonary trunk are positioned
after fusion of aorticopulmonary septum, streaming of blood from ventricles causes a 180 turn
-results in aorta being posterior and pulmonary trunk ant.
what can occur of the aorticopulmonary septum does not rotate fully ?
transposistion of great vessels
-cyanotic heart disesase (turn blue from lack of O2)
What is tetraology of Fallot ?
unequal division of the truncus arteriosus
where is the truncus arteriosus in reference to the bulbus cordis
above
what are the 4 signs/symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot
1 - pulmonary a. stenosis
2 - ventricular septal defect
3 - dextroposition of the aorta
4 - right ventricular hypertrophy
Adult coronary aa. are formed in 2 steps, what are they ?
1 - sprouts off sinus venosus and epicardium
2 - endothelial cells invade/ingrowth into the aorta
how many pharyngeal arches are there ? which of them has no adult derivative
6 total
-pharyngeal arch 5 degenerates in adults
what does the 1st pharyngeal arch a. become
- maxillary a.
- external carotid a (ECA)
what does the 2nd pharyngeal arch a. become in adults
stapedial a.
what does the 3rd pharyngeal arch a. become
- common carotid a. (CCA)
- proximal internal carotid a. (ICA)
what does the Left 4th pharyngeal arch a. become ?
part/arch of aorta thats b/w CCA and L subclavian
what does the right 4th pharyngeal arch a. become ?
proximal Right Subclavian
what forms the adult left subclavian a. ?
Left 7th intersegmental a.
what forms the distal part of the right subclavian a.
R dorsal aorta + R 7th intersegmental a.
the complete arch of the aorta is formed by 4 structures, what are they ?
1 - truncus arteriosus
2 - aortic sac
3 - 4th pharyngeal arch a.
4 - left dorsal aorta
what does the L 6th pharyngeal arch a become ?
Proximal L 6th = proximal L pulmonary a.
Distal L 6th = ductus arteriosus
what is the function of ductus arteriosus
connect L pulmonary a. to aorta to shunt blood away from lung in embryo (cuz get O2 from mother)
what does the R 6th pharyngeal arch a. become
Proximal R 6th = proximal right pulmonary a.
distal R 6th = jack shit (degenerates)
what is the difference b/w the R and L recurrent laryngeal nn. ? what causes this ?
L recurrent laryngeal loops much lower
-this is b/c on R side the distal of 6th pharyngeal arch a. degenerates whereas distal of L 6th pharyngeal arch a. becomes the ductus arteriosus
what forms the common iliac aa. in the adult
5th pair of intersegmental aa.
what forms the lateral sacral a. in adults
intersegmental aa. from the sacral region
fetal intersegmental aa. in the thoracic region become what in adults
intercostal aa.
what does the fetal vitelline aa persist as in the adults
1 - celiac trunk
2 - Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
3 - Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
what does the proximal fetal umbilical a. become in adults
- internal iliac a.
- superior vesical a.
what is the function of foramen ovale in fetal circulation
connects R and L atrium to NOT allow blood flow into pulmoary circuit (dont need O2 from lungs yet)
the venous angle is b/w what 2 veins
IJV and subclavian vv
what is cisterna chyli
dilation of lymph that drains the intestinal and lumbar region
what forms the adult thoracic duct ?
caudal part R lymphatic duct + anastomosis of R and L cranial thoracic ducts
what forms the adult right lymphatic duct
cranial portion of R lymphatic duct
