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Anatomy > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatic system is composed of 7 things, what are they

A 
1 - diffuse lymphatic tissue
2 - lymphatic nodules
3 - lymph nodes
4 - spleen
5 - bone marrow
6 -  thymus
7 - lymphatic vessels
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2
Q

what are the 3 major functions of the lymphatic system

A

1 - drain excess interstitial fluid, return to circulation
2 - immune response - prod. of lymphocytes
3 - alt. route of transportation for hormones, nutrients, etc

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3
Q

what component of the lyphatic system is responsible for draining excess interstitial fluid and being the alternative route of transportation for many things

A

lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

what 3 components of the lymphatic system are characterized as the lymph organs ? Why ?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus

Cuz all have capsules

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5
Q

exchange b/w circulation and lymphatic vessels occurs where ?

A

lymphatic capillaries

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6
Q

what is the definitive cells of the lymphatic system

A

lymphocytes

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7
Q

through what type of vessel is lymph drained in the capillary beds returned back to the circualtion

A

lymphatic ducts

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8
Q

what are the 2 lymphatic ducts and what do they each drain

A

right lymphatic duct - returns upper right of body (1/4)

thoracic duct - returns upper left and lower body (3/4)

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9
Q

where is the junction of veins that the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct return lymph ?

A

Venous angle between IJV and subclavian vv.

-on each side

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10
Q

what are the 2 distinguishing characteristics in identifying lymphatic capillaries

A
  • irregular lumen

- NO RBC

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11
Q

the lumen of lymphatic vessels are all lined w/ ?

A

discontinuous endothelium

-simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

what are the 3 main lymphocytes

A

1 - B cells
2 - T cells
3 - NK cells

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13
Q

what is the distribution of lymphocytes in blood circulation ?

A

T cells : 60-80 %
B cells : 20-30 %
NK : 5-10 %

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14
Q

what is the function of each type of lymphocyte

A

B - secrete Ab in humoral immunity
T - destroy cells in cell-mediated immunity
NK - kills

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15
Q

in general what do reticular cells do

A

lay down type III collagen to make a stroma or filamentous framework/network for lymphocytes to grab onto in most lymph organs

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16
Q

what type of cells make the supportive stroma or network in the thymus

A

epithelioreticular cells

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17
Q

what type of valves do lymphatic capillaries have

A

one way valves

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18
Q

diffuse lymphatic tissue is simply accumulations of lymphocytes where ?

A

in the lamina propria of various canals and tracts

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19
Q

where would you find lymphatic nodules ?

A

accumulations of lymphocytes in the walls of various canals and tracts

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20
Q

what are the 2 types of lymphatic nodules

A

1 - primary nodule

2 - secondary nodules

21
Q

what are the two zones of secondary lymphatic nodules

A

inner germinal center (light stained)

outer mantle zone (dark stained)

22
Q

what is the main difference b/w primary and secondaary lymphatic nodules

A

primary has NOT responded to Ag

secondary has larger lymphocytes cuz they HAVE responded to Ag (activated)

23
Q

where would you find follicular dendritic cells (FDC’s) ?

A

germinal centers of secondary lymphatic nodules

24
Q

normally lymphatic nodules are found by _______ but sometimes in certain locations they can be found in ___ ?

A

themselves (solitary nodules)

aggregations

25
Q

where at in the human body would you most likely find aggregated lymphatic nodules

A

tonsils, and peyers patches in ileum

26
Q

what tonsils make up the ring around the entrance to the oropharynx and nasopharynx

A

1 pharyngeal tonsil
2 - palatine tonsils
2 - lingual tonsils

27
Q

What is MALT, and what other places in the body have more location specific names

A

mucous-associtated lymphoid tissue (accumulations of diffuse lymphatic tissue and lymphatic nodules
-GALT and BALT

28
Q

lymph nodes are the predominant filtering system for lymphatic vessels, what are the 5 layers of lymph nodes from out to in

A

capsule, trabeculae, reticular tissue/network, cortex, medulla

29
Q

what are the 2 layers of the cortex of lymph nodes, and which layer contains lymphatic nodules

A 
superficial cortex (nodular cortex) 
deep cortex (paracortex)
30
Q

what type of lymphocytes can be found at each layer of the lymph node cortex, what about lympn node medulla

A

superficial cortex - B cells
deep cortex - T cells
medulla - B cells

31
Q

what are the 2 parts of the medulla layer in lymph nodes

A
  • medullary cords (groups of B cells)

- medullary sinuses (places where lymph flows)

32
Q

what specific types of cells would you find in the reticular network of lymph nodes

A
  • reticular cells (secrete type III collagen)

- APC’s (dendritic cells, macrophages)

33
Q

what part of the lymph node has NO cortex

A

at the hilum

34
Q

what specific lymph vessel can be found at the hilum of a lymph node and what is its function

A

efferent lymphatic vessel

-returns lymph back to circulation

35
Q

explain the path of lymph flow through the lymph node

A

afferent lymph vessel—->subcapsular sinus —-> trabecular sinus —> medullary sinus —-> efferent lymph vessel

36
Q

90 % of lymph flows into the lymph node from ________ whereas the remaining 10 % comes in from ______

A

90 % - High endothelial venules (HEV)

10 % - afferent lymph vessel

37
Q

what is the function of the thymus in the lymphatic system

A

T cell education and maturation and differentiation

38
Q

what lymph organ has NO reticular cells

A

thymus

39
Q

what is an easy indicator to identify the thymus

A

thymic lobules and thymic corpuscle

40
Q

what are the 2 parts to a thymic lobule

A
  • darker outer cortex

- lighter inner medulla

41
Q

how many types of epithelial cells are found in the thymus

A

6 total

- 3 in cortex and 3 in medulla

42
Q

the thymic corpuscle is unique b/c it very eosinophillic and starting what process

A

keratinization

43
Q

what is the function of the spleen

A

fliter and monitor blood immunologically just as lymph nodes monitor lymph vessels

44
Q

what are the 2 areas of the spleen

A

Red pulp

white pulp

45
Q

What is interesting in the naming of the red and white pulp ?

A

named according to red referring to filtering RBC NOT to how they stain

  • Red pulp is lighter outside area
  • White pulp is darker inner ring
46
Q

what is the white pulp and what does it surround

A

it is a periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) around a central a.

47
Q

what part of the spleen is involved in filtration and removing old RBC

A

red pulp

48
Q

where at in the spleen would you find splenic sinuses and splenic billiroth cords

A

red pulp

Anatomy (35 decks)

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