Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Auditory and Vestibular system (CN VIII) > Flashcards

Auditory and Vestibular system (CN VIII) Flashcards

1
Q

CN VIII has 2 divisions, what are they

A

cochlear - sound

vestibular - head position and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the name of the mechanoreceptor cells of the auditory and vestibular system

A

hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the auditory and vestibular systems are both embedded w/in what bone

A

temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The bony labyrinth is composed of what ?

A
  • cochlea (coiled thing)
  • vestibule
  • 3 semicircular canals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the membranous labyrinth is composed of ?

A
  • cochlear duct
  • utricle (connected to semicircular ducts)
  • saccule (connected to cochlea and utricle)
  • 3 semicircular ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the fluid that fills the bony labyrinth and what is it similar to

A

perilymph, similar to CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth what is it similar too

A

endolymph, similar to intracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what seperated the perilymph from the endolymph, AND why are they significant

A

tight junctions - create membrane potentials from the difference in ion conc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hair cell microvilli are known as ______

A

stereocilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the name given to the tallest stereocilia

A

kinocilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what region of the auditory and vestibular systems has hair cells that lack kinocillia

A

cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the cause of Meniere’s disease

A

obstruction of flow resulting in swollen membranous labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the tips of the kinocillia are embedded into ?

A

gelatinous material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how are hair cell receptors transduced

A

movement in the gelatinous material causes deflection of the sterocillia = receptor potential transduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

deflection towards the tallest sterocillia causes

A

depolarization of the hair cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

deflection away from the tallest sterocillia causes

A

hyperpolarization of the hair cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

deflection perpendicular to the sterocillia causes

A

nothing, no effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the role of the outer and middle ear

A

convey airborne sound vibrations to fluid filled inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 2 muscles of the middle ear and what is their main function

A
  • stapedius - pull stapes away from oval window = stiffening
  • tensor tympani - pulls malleus toward middle ear = stiffeneing
  • * Both work to stiffen ossicular chain**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the _____ m. blocks the sounds of your own voice, whereas the _____ m. blocks chewing sounds

A

stapedius

tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what middle ear muscles innervated by

A
  • stapedius - CN VII

- tensor tympani - CN V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 components of the structure of the Cochlea, and what type of lymph resides within each

A

1 - scala vestibula - perilymphatic space
2 - scala media - endolymph
3 - scala tympani - perilymphatic space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where does the scala tympani end ?

A

Ends blindly at the round window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where is the organ of corti in the ear

A

rests on basilar membrane of the cochlea, w/in the stri media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the spongy bone w/in the cochlea called

A

modiolus

26
Q

what are the 2 groups of cells found in the organ of corti

A
  • inner hair cells - unattached to tectorial membrane

- outer hair cells - attached to tectorial membrane

27
Q

what is the difference b/w the inner and outer hair cells of the organ of corti on how they become stimulated

A
  • inner (unnattached) stimulated by endolymph movement across sterocilli
  • outer (attached) stimulated by vibrations in basilar membrane
28
Q

movement of ______ causes a pressure pulse in the scala vestibuli of the organ of corti, which leads to a traveling wave of deformations in the ________

A

stapes at the oval window, basilar membrane

29
Q

Explain “mechanical tuning”

A

the tonotopic organization of the auditory system based upon the amplitude and frequencies of waves on the basilar membrane

30
Q

cochlear implants are based upon the tonotopic org. of the auditory system. With that said we place a coil of electrodes where to stimulate the intact CN VIII nerve endings

A

round window into the scala tympani at different points along the basilar membrane

31
Q

CNS auditory processing analyzes what ?

A

sound frequency and intensity

32
Q

what is the primary ascending pathway in CNS auditory processing

A

lateral lemniscus pathway

33
Q

the lateral lemniscus pathway has fibers that will first synapse at the ____________ nucleus, then at the ______, then project to the inferior brachium and ending at the _________ nucleus

A
  • superior olivary nucleus —–> inferior colliculus

- ——> medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

34
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex anatomically on the brain

A

transverse temporal gyri

distinguish bc gyri run mediolaterally vs. front to back

35
Q

T/F Sound that reaches the left ear before the right will be heard softer and less intense

A

F , will be heard louder and more intense

36
Q

IN CNS auditory processing what it the nucleus important in sound localization

A

superior olivary nucleus

37
Q

T/F the lateral lemniscus pathway carries information from both ears ?

A

True

38
Q

what is an audiogram

A

way to meausre someones threshold for hearing via

  • headphones (air conduction)
  • vibration (bone conduction)
39
Q

what is the difference b/w a conductive hearing loss and a sensorineural hearing loss

A

conductive is when sound cant reach labyrinth

sensorineural is when there is damage to hair cells or cochlea nuclei

40
Q

in an audiogram, air conduction (headphones) needs and intact _____________ ?

A

outer, middle, and inner ear

41
Q

a defect in bone conduction is usually the result of ?

A

sensorineural problem

42
Q

the most common air conduction defect is the result from

A

middle ear infection

43
Q

what detects angular acceleration of the head

A

semicircular ducts

44
Q

one end of each semicircular duct closest to the utricle is called the

A

ampulla (which contains the crista)

45
Q

sterocillia hair cells in the semicircular ducts are arranged in a transverse called the _________ and extend into a gelatinous mass above called the ____________

A

crista

cupula

46
Q

deflection of the cupula leads to increase afferent firing in the semicircular ducts. During deflection as rotation begins, what is laggin behind which deflects the cupula and inevitably stimulates the sterocilla hair cells

A

endolymph lags behind during rotation

47
Q

if rotation in the semicircular duct continues what happes

A

endolymph catches up and no deflection of the cupula occurs

48
Q

what detects linear acceleration in the vestibular system

A

utricule and saccule

49
Q

what is the difference in the arangement of macula and sterocillia in the utricle and saccule?

A

utricle - macula horizontal and sterocilla face up

saccule - macula vertical and sterocilla face laterally

50
Q

what is the otolithic membrane and where is it found

A

a dense gelatinous material of the macula in the utricle and saccule (more dense than endolymph)

51
Q

what is the difference b/w the utricle and the saccule with regards to what direction of linear acceleration they can detect

A

utricle - forward/backward and side to side

saccule - forward/backward and up/down

52
Q

what is the primary afferent cell body in the internal auditory canal that has vestibular projections

A

Vestibular ganglion (Scarpa’s ganglion)

53
Q

The Vestibular nuclei has output to where ?

A

spinal cord
VPL of thalamus to cortex
braintstem

54
Q

vestibulospinal fibers that have excitatory projections to antigravity muscles follow what tract ?

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract

55
Q

vestibulospinal fibers that stabalize head movements as we walk and coordinate head/eye movements travel on what tract ?

A

medial vestibulospinal tract

56
Q

the vestibular system works to prevent images from moving on the retina (keep images on the retina), this is known as _____________

A

Vestibuloocular reflex (VOR)

57
Q

what is the afferent and efferent limb of the vestibuoocular reflex

A

afferent - CN VIII

efferent - CN III, IV, VI

58
Q

what is nystagmus

A

rapid eye movements in the opposite direction bc the VOR cant compensate for head movements

59
Q

alcohol has the ability to alter the density of the ______ and ______ making semicircular ducts sensitive to gravity

A

cupula and endolymph (the spins when your drunk)

60
Q

what is Rombergs sign

A

when patient closes eyes and loses balance

61
Q

the posstion sense is mediated by what 3 systems working together

A

1 - vestibular
2 - proprioceptive
3 - visual

Anatomy (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions