Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the heart pumps for the systemic circuit ?

A

left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to pulmoary circuit

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where would you find fibrous skeleton connective tissue in the heart

A
  • 4 fibrous rings around valve orifices
  • 2 fibrous trigones connecting the rings
  • membranous portion of IV and IA septums
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the main layers of the heart from out to in

A
  • epicardium
  • myocardium - muscle layer and fibrous skeleton
  • endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 individual layers of the endocardium, which is the inner layer of the heart

A
  • endothelial cells (directly next to blood)
  • subendothelial layer
  • subendocardial layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what layer of the endocardium contains the intrinsic conduction system

A

subendocardial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of epithelium is the epicardium made up of ?

A

mesothelium (simple squamous) w/a little underlying connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 4 valves associated w/the heart

A
  • Tricuspid (R atrioventricular valve)
  • Bicuspid or mitral valve (L atrioventricular valve)
  • Aortic Semilunar valve (b/w aorta and L ventricle)
  • Pulmonary semilunar ( b/w pulmonary trunk and R ven.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of the valves in the heart

A

enforce one-way flow in response to pressure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what wall of the heart is the thickest and why ?

A

Left ventricular wall, b/c thats pumping blood to systemic circuit which has 3x more friction to overcome than pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of tissue are the heart valves made up of ?

A

connective tissue w/overlying endocardium (endothelial cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 3 histological layers of the heart valves

A

spongiosa - atria side of valves
fibrosa - fibrous skeleton portion
ventricularis - ventricle side of valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what histological layer of heart valves is the “shock absorber”

A

spongiosa layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of tissue layer will you find anywhere that is in contact with blood

A

endothelium (simple squamous tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F the heart needs input from the nervous system in order to depolarize

A

F - can do so W/O nervous system input via the intrinsic cardiac conduction system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do the SNS and PNS play a role in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart

A

SNS accelerates heart beat

PNS decelerated heart beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what layer of the heart is the intrinsic conduction system found

A

subencocardial layer (layer of the Endocardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cells found where are known as the “pacemaker: cells” why do they get this name ?

A

SA node

-called this b/c they get to threshold the fastest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain the pathway of the intrinsic conduction system starting w/depolarization

A 
1 - depolarization at SA node
2 - AV node (delayed .1 s to allow atria to contract)
3 - AV bundle / Bundle of His
4 - R and L bundle branches
5 - Perkinje fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 2 cell types in the intrinsic conduction system

A
  • nodal cardiac cells

- purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where would you find nodal cardiac cells in the intrinsic conduction system, and what are some characteristics of them ?

A

SA node, AV node

  • smaller than contractile cells
  • NO intercalated discs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where would you find purkinje fibers in the intrinsic conduction system, and what are their characteristics

A

AV bundle, bundle branches

  • larger than contractile cells
  • intercalated discs
23
Q

what type of cells found in the intrinsic conduction system can be identified histologically ?

A

perkinje cells/fibers (Cant find nodal cells)

  • stain pos. in PAS stain cuz glycogen
  • stain pale in H&E
24
Q

explain the pathway of blood as it moves from different types of vessels starting and ending at heart

A

heart —> arteries —> arterioles —> capillaries —> venules —-> veins —> heart

25
Q

which type of blood vessel would have the most pressure, which has the least pressure

A

large arteries

large veins

26
Q

There are 3 layers in the walls of blood vessels, what are they ?

A

tunica interna -
tunica media
tunica externa/tunica adventitia

27
Q

which layer of the walls of blood vessels is thickest in arteries ? what about veins ?

A

arteries thickest layer = tunica media

veins thickest layer is = tunica externa or adventitia

28
Q

what are the 3 specific parts of the tunica interna layer of the vessel wall

A

endothelium
basal lamina
subendothelial layer

29
Q

where would you find an internal elastic membrane ?

what about an external elastic membrane

A

internal elastic membrane - outermost part of tunica interna in arteries and arterioles
external elastic membrane - outermost part of tunica media in arteries

30
Q

what is the “vasa vasorum” and where can it be found ?

A

an actual small vessel w/in the wall of a vessel

-in the tunica externa/adventitia layer

31
Q

what is the nervi vascularis and where can it be found

A

a small nerve w/in the wall of a blood vessel

-in tunica externa/adventitia

32
Q

in cross section what vessel will appear open and which will appear more collapsed

A

artery - open

vein - collapsed

33
Q

in cross section which type of blood vessel will appear to have a larger lumen

A

vein will have larger lumen

34
Q

Large arteries are also called _______ ? Why ?

A

Elastic or conducting arteries

-b/c contain elastic fibers allowing for expand and recoil, also serve as a pressure reserve

35
Q

Medium arteries are also called _____ ? Why ?

A

Muscular or distributing arteries

-contain lots of smooth muscle responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

36
Q

how may layers of smooth muscle are present in the tunica media in small arteries vs. arterioles ?

A

Small a. 3-8 layers

arterioles : 1-2 layers

37
Q

what is the size in mm or um of the 4 types of arteries

A

Large a - greater than 10 mm
medium a - 2-10 mm
small a - 0.1-2 mm
arterioles - 10 - 100 um

38
Q

what is the best thing to identify when looking at large arteries

A

elastic lamellae in the tunica media

39
Q

the left ventricle contracts and ejects blood during __________ and relaxes/fills w/blood during ______ ?

A 
contract = systole
relax = diastole
40
Q

elastic arteries will stretch during ventricular ________ and recoil during ventricular ____________ ?

A

systole and diastole

41
Q

which type of arteries is known to have a very prominent internal and external elastic membranes

A

medium arteries (muscular or distributing aa.)

42
Q

what type of vessel is the smallest in the human body ? how small are they, and what is their purpose ?

A

capillaries, 4-10 um

-function in exchange b/w blood and tissues

43
Q

what are the 3 different types of capillaries

A

1 - continuous capillaries
2 - fenestrated capillaries
3 - discontinuous capillaries

44
Q

where would you find continuos capillaries and what is the distinguishing feature for identification ?

A

muscle, lung and CNS

-uninterrupted endothelial cell lining w/tight junctions

45
Q

where would you find fenestrated capillaries and what is their distinguishable feature ?

A

endocrine glands

-oval pores (fenestrations) which allow for transport of larger molecules like hormones

46
Q

where would you find discontinuous capillaries, and what is their main function ?

A

liver, spleen, and bone marrow

  • function to exchange larger molecules
  • ***makes sense cuz have largest diameter and discontinous endothelial lining **
47
Q

what type of capillaries are referred to as sinusoids ?

A

discontinuous capillaries

48
Q

what is microcirculation

A

flow of blood from arterial —-> capillary network —-> venule

49
Q

what are the 3 functional units of a microcirculatory bed or microvascular bed

A

arteriole, capillary network, postcapillary venule

50
Q

what are the 2 types of vessels in the capillary network, and what is their respective functions

A
  • true capillaries - where exchange occurs

- arteriovenous anastomoses (shunts) - bypass areas

51
Q

what is the size in mm or um of the 4 different types of veins

A

large veins : greater than 10 mm
medium veins : 1-10 mm
small veins : 0.1-1 mm
venule: 10-100 um

52
Q

what are the 2 types of venules, and what are the specific layers found w/in each

A

postcapillary venule - only endothelial cells (No tunica media or adventitia)
muscular venule - Have endothelial layer, tunica media and tunica adventitia

53
Q

what layer of the wall in veins have one way valves, and why are these nesccesary

A

tunica interna

-need cuz very low pressure in veins and dont want backflow

Anatomy (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions