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Anatomy > Development of the Genital System > Flashcards

Development of the Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

what embryonic origin is the genital system, as well as most of the urinary system

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

during what week does the lateral body folding of the embryo cause the intermediate mesoderm to go retroperitoneal

A

week 4

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3
Q

the intermediate mesoderm develops a bilateral urogenital ridge (urinary slightly before genital), what are the 2 portions of this ?

A
  • nephrogenic cord

- gonadal ridge

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4
Q

which is located more lateral to the midline, the nephrogenic cord or the gonadal ridge

A

nephrogenic cord

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5
Q

what weeks are considered the indifferent stage of sexual development

A

1-6

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6
Q

Which set of ducts are present during the indifferent stage of sexual development

  • Mesonephric duct (Wolffian)
  • paramesonephrict duct (Mullerian)
  • both
A

Both are present at this time

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7
Q

which genital duct gives rise to male structures and which to women ? what are the specific features ?

A

mesonephric duct ——> vas deferens

paramesonephric duct ——–> fallopian tubes

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8
Q

what is another name for the mesonephric duct, how about paramesonephric duct

A

mesonephric duct = Wolffian duct

paramesonephric duct = Mullerian duct

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9
Q

at what week can you notice a visible difference b/w male and female sexual development

A

week 7

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10
Q

Primordial germ cells (PGC) begin migrating at week ____ and reach the gonadal ridges at week _____

A

4, 6

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11
Q

what are known as the “welcoming wagons” for the primordial germ cells once they reach the gonadal ridges

A

Gonadal cord cells

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12
Q

what is the embryonic origin of gonadal cord cells

A

thickened mesothelial lining cells from the gonadal ridge

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13
Q

what is the SRY gene and who has it

A

sex determining region of the Y chromosome

-males

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14
Q

what does the SRY gene code for

A

TDF protein

-testis-determining factor

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15
Q

Testes determining factor TDF, stimulates the development of what cells from the mesenchyme of the gonadal ridge

A

Leydig cells

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16
Q

what is the function of Leydig cells and who has them

A

produce testosterone, men

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17
Q

what is the function of Sertoli cells, and who has them

A

caretakers of the primordial germ cells, men

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18
Q

Sertoli cells develop from where

A

gonadal cord cells after they have enveloped the PGC

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19
Q

when the gonadal cord cells envelope the primordial germ cells what two things form ?

A

seminiferous tubules + Rete testes

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20
Q

the superior end of the mesonephric duct eventually develops into what ?

A

epidiymis

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21
Q

the mesonephric tubules eventually develop into what ?

A

efferent ductules

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22
Q

the production of testerone via the Leydig cells stimulates the formation of what

A

male genial ducts and external genitalia

23
Q

the caudal ends of the mesonephric duct develop into what 2 things

A
  • seminal vesicles

- ejaculatory ducts

24
Q

the very caudal ends of the mesonephric duct continue to develop into the posterior wall of the urinary bladder, this are is called

A

trigone

25
Q

how do the male accessory organs, the prostate and bulbourethral gland, develop

A

endodermal outgrowths from the urogenital sinus

26
Q

what hormone do Sertoli cells produce, and what does this hormone do ?

A

Secretes Mullerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH)

-causes the paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct) to degernerate in males

27
Q

if there is a little remnant of the Mullerian duct in males from not fully degenerating this is referred to as ?

A

appendix testis

28
Q

what week does the descent of testis start

A

week 26

29
Q

how do the testes decend

A

the gubernaculum ligament shortens which pulls down with it the testis, vas deferens, and testicular vessels

30
Q

where does the gubernaculum ligament extend to

A

from the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling

31
Q

what does the labioscrotal swelling develop into in males, females ?

A

males - scrotum

females the labia majora

32
Q

the inferior path of the testis due to the shortening of the gubernaculum ligament is eventually referred to as the

A

inguinal canal

33
Q

what are the 3 layers of the spermatic cord, and what are they derived from

A
  • internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)
  • cremaster fascia (internal oblique m.)
  • external spermatic fascia (external oblique m.)
34
Q

what is a hydrocoele of the testis or spermatic cord

A

fluid filled cyst w/in testis or cord

35
Q

what is a congenital inguinal hernia

A

outpouching of abdominal viscera which could lead to scrotum

36
Q

what is cryptochidism, and what causes this

A

failure of testis to descend

-lack of testosterone via Leydig cells

37
Q

what cells of the ovary develop from the mesynchyme of the gonadal cells

A

Stromal cells

38
Q

what are the equivalent caretakers of the primordial germ cells for females just like sertoli cells in males

A

follicular cells

39
Q

what causes the mesonephric duct to regress in the development of the female genital systems

A

Lack of testosterone hormones

40
Q

what causes the continued growth and development of the Mullerian duct in female genital dev.

A

lack of MIH secreted by sertoli cells

41
Q

what makes up the primordial follice in females

A

primary oocyte + follicle cell capsule

42
Q

if there are mesonephric duct remnants in the development of female genital systems, this can lead to what 3 things ?

A
  • epoophoron
  • paraophoron
  • gartner duct cyst
43
Q

the cranial ends of the mullerian ducts form what

A

uterine tubes/fallopian tubes

44
Q

the caudal ends of the mullerian duct fuse together to form what ?

A

uterovaginal primordium

45
Q

what does the uterovaginal primordium develop into

A

the uterus and superior vagina

46
Q

what does the inferior vagina develop from

A

urogenital sinus

47
Q

what are sinovaginal bulbs

A

endodermal outgrowths from the urogenital sinus in females which develops into the vaginal plate which leads to the development of inferior vagina

48
Q

the accesory organs of the female genital system consist of the greater vestibular glands, urethral glands, and the paraurethral glands. These all form how

A

endodermal outgrowths from the urogenital sinus

49
Q

the descent of the ovaries uses the gubernaculum ligament just like males, how is the process different

A

when is shortens it splits in two because of the development of the uterus

50
Q

what are the derivatives of the gubernaculum ligament in females after it divides via uterus development

A

superior gubernaculum = ovarian ligament

inferior gubernaculum = round ligament of the uterus

51
Q

what does the genital tubericle develop into in males and females

A

males - glans penis

female - clit

52
Q

during development the cloacal membrane divides into what 2 folds

A

urethral fold and anal fold

53
Q

what do the urethral folds develop into in males and females

A

males - fuse to form shaft of cock

females -remain unfused as labia minor

Anatomy (35 decks)

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