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Anatomy > Intro to Neuroanatomy and Brain Structure > Flashcards

Intro to Neuroanatomy and Brain Structure Flashcards

1
Q

2 broad divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

3 subdivision of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

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3
Q

CNS is composed of ____ and PNS ?

A 
CNS = brain and spinal cord
PNS = spinal and cranial nerves to the rest of the body
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4
Q

structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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5
Q

each neuron consists of what 3 things

A

cell body, axon (info out), dendrite (info in)

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6
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons and which is the most common

A

multipolar (most), bipolar, unipolar

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7
Q

what are the main 3 classes of neurotransmitters

A

small molecules (Ach), monoamines, neuropeptides

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of axons in the CNS

A

tract, lemniscus, peduncle

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9
Q

what are the axons in the PNS

A

nerves

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of nerve cell bodies

A

nucleus, ganglion

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11
Q

definition for the connection of axons at the midline from DIFFERENT locations

A

decussation

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12
Q

definition for connection of axons at midline from the exact same location on the opp. side

A

commisure

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13
Q

what is the largest commisure in the brain

A

corpus callosum

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14
Q

what is a gyri

A

ridges of the brain

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15
Q

what is the sulci

A

grooves of the brain, (deep sulci also callled fissures)

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16
Q

what are the 5 lobes of a cerebral hemisphere

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic

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17
Q

primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe

A

precentral gyrus

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18
Q

Broca’s area

A

area of frontal lobe (usually left side) responsible for production of language

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19
Q

what functional area of frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions (personality, foresight)

A

prefrontal cortex

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20
Q

the postcentral gyrus is the primary _____ cortex of the parietal lobe

A

somatosensory - tactile and proprioception

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21
Q

what side of the brain ususally deals with language

A

left

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22
Q

inferior parietal lobule deals with what function ?

A

language comprehension

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23
Q

primary auditory cortex is found on what lobe

A

temporal

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24
Q

what is Wernike’s area

A

posterior aspect of temporal lobe (usually left) involved in language comprehension

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25
Q

what what lobe of brain is involved with higher order visual processing, learning, and memory

A

temporal lobe

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26
Q

where is the cuneus and lingual gyrus located

A

medial surface of the occipital lobe

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27
Q

what lobe of brain is exclusively used for vision

A

occipital lobe

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28
Q

what is the main function of the limbic system

A

emotions, drive-related behavior, memory

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29
Q

the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri largley make up ?

A

the limbic lobe

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30
Q

where is the insula located and what is its function

A

deep in the lateral sulcus overlying the fusion of telencephalon and diencephalon
-taste

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31
Q

four divisions of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

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32
Q

what is the massa intermedia

A

intrathalamic adhesion, area of fusion of thalamus across midline

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33
Q

the line where the 3rd ventricle attaches to the thalamus

A

stria medullaris

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34
Q

the thalamus significant and central importance is in _____ function. it has no ___ function except for olfaciton

A

CNS and motor, sensory

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35
Q

what separates the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

hypothalamic sulcus in wall of 3rd ventricle

36
Q

connection b/w hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

infundibular stalk

37
Q

what part of the diencephalon is the king autonomic ganglion and visceral control center

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

function of the brainstem

A

acts as a highway of info. to/from cerebrum

39
Q

3 subdivisions of the brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

40
Q

what CN arise from the midbrain

A

III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear)

41
Q

what CN arise from pons

A

V(trigeminal), VI(abducens), VII(facial), VIII(vestibulocochlear)

42
Q

what CN arise from the medulla

A

IX-glossopharyngeal ,X-vagus ,XI-accessory ,XII - hypoglossal

43
Q

what is the midline vermis

A

midline of cerebellum

44
Q

the striatum is apart of the basal ganglia, more specifically its componets are

A

caudate and putamen

45
Q

lenticular nucleus is apart of the basal ganglia, more specifically its componets are ?

A

putamen and globus pallidus

46
Q

basal ganglia is involved with what function

A

movement control

47
Q

the amygdala is apart of what system and can beneath the ____ in the temporal lobe

A

limbic system, beneath the uncus

48
Q

what part of the brain is filled with CSF

A

ventricles

49
Q

where is CSF fluid made

A

choroid plexus

50
Q

what is the function of ventricles ? which is the largest ?

A

suspend the brain and regulate its fluids

-lateral ventricle

51
Q

large space b/w the arachnoid mater and dura mater filled with CSF fluid

A

subarachnoid cisterns

52
Q

what is the largest subarachnoid cistern

A

cisterna magna

53
Q

what is the major site of CSF reabsorbtion into venous system

A

archnoid villi

54
Q

what connects the 3rd and 4th ventrical

A

cerebral aquduct

55
Q

which has greater, CSF pressure or venous pressure

A

CSF>venous pressure

56
Q

dural reflections are good for support of skull, but if intracranial pressure builds what may result

A

herniation or subdural hematoma

57
Q

what allows the brain to turn with the head

A

meninges

58
Q

what gives the brain buoyancy

A

CSF

59
Q

3 layers of the meninges

A

dura (outer)
arachnoid (middle where CSF flows)
pia (inner attached to CNS)

60
Q

what is the leptomeninges

A

arachnoid and pia mater together

61
Q

a tear of meningeal arteries b/w the skull and dura would result in

A

epidural hematoma

62
Q

tear in menigeal bridging veins b/w 2 layers of the dura would result in

A

subdural hematoma

63
Q

what and where are the 2 main dural folds

A

falx cerebri - b/w cerebral hemishperes

tentorium cerebelli - b/w cerebrum and cerebellum

64
Q

supratentorial part of tentorium cereblli would contain _____ infratentorial part ______

A

cerebrum

cerebellum and brainstem

65
Q

what is the area called b/w the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater

A

dural venous sinuses

66
Q

what 2 main arteries supply the CNS arterial supply

A

Internal carotid and Vertebral aa

67
Q

what does the Internal Carotid a. bifurcate into near the optic chiasm

A

Middle cerebral a. (MCA)

Anterior cerbral a. (ACA)

68
Q

what long and thin branch off the internal carotid is clinically significant in that its involved in strokes

A

anterior choroidal a.

69
Q

what artery connects the internal carotid a and vertebral vascular system

A

posterior communicating a.

70
Q

both anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) are connected together by what artery

A

anterior communicating a.

71
Q

what artery supplies most of the cerebral hemisphere and runs into the lateral sulcus

A

MCA or middle cerebral a.

72
Q

what is a perforating artery

A

one that arises from arteries of the deep brain and supply the deep brain

73
Q

what arterial system supplies the brainstem and cerebellum

A

vertebral basilar system

74
Q

both vertebral arteries connect near the pons to for what artery

A

basilar a.

75
Q

what does the basilar a. bifurcate into

A

2 posterior cerebral aa. (PCA’s)

76
Q

each vertebral a. before it becomes the basilar a. gives of what 3 branches ?

A

anterior spinal a. (supplies anterior 2/3 of cord)
posterior spinal a. (supplies post. 1/3 of cord)
PICA (supplies inferior cerebellum)

77
Q

AICA and SCA aa. come of where in the brain ?

A

Basilar a.

78
Q

what is the circle of Willis

A

connection of Internal carotid aa. with vertebral-basilar system via the posterior communicating a.

79
Q

autoregulation of vessels, responses to enzymatic brain activity, and cerebral vascular autonomics are all mechanisms that do what ?

A

help control cerebral blood flow

80
Q

what controls the movement of fluids from the extracellular space of the body to the extracellular space of the brain

A

blood-brain barrier

81
Q

located around the 3rd and 4th ventricles, this particular area has NO blood-brain barrier

A

circumventricular organs

82
Q

what vein does most blood on the superficial brain drain to ?

A

superior sagittal sinus

83
Q

what vein does most blood from deep internal structures drain too ?

A

straight sinus

84
Q

the deep venous system of the brain is _____ consistent in organization than superficial venous system

A

more

85
Q

what is the major deep vein of the brain

A

internal cerebral vein

86
Q

explain the drainage pathway starting from the internal cerebral vein

A

paired internal cerebral veins to Great cerebral vein of Galen to straight sinus

87
Q

the great cerebral vein is also called ?

A

great vein of Galen

Anatomy (35 decks)

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