Histology of the Urinary system Flashcards
what are the 3 main functions of the kidney
- fliter blood
- dispose nitrogenous wastes
- regulate water, electrolyte, and acid/base balances
kidneys are where in reference to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
which kidney is lower and why
right kidney is lower cuz of liver
the renal capsule is composed of how many layers ?, what are they
2
- outer layer w/ lots of collagen and few fibroblasts
- inner layer w/few collagen and lots fibroblasts
where is the renal papilla located and where is the base of the pyramids
renal papilla is apex of pyramid pointing towads hilum
-base of pyramids is facing the cortex
what part of the kidney are renal corpuscles located
renal cortex
one renal lobe consists of ?
- renal pyramid w/ overlying cortex
- 1/2 of adj. renal collum
why is the glomerular bed of the kidney unusual
- because it has arterioles going to and away from it (instead of just veins away from it)
- because it has 2 capillary beds in 1 series
where are the arcuate arteries located
arching over the base of the pyramids by the cortex
1 afferent arteriole supplies _____ nephrons/glomeruli
one
what is the pattern of vasculature starting from the aorta and ending at the internal vena cava
AORTA —> renal a.—> segmental a. —> lobar a. —> interlobar a. —> arcuate a. —-> interlobular a. —-> afferent arteriole —-> GLOMERULUS —> efferent arteriole —> peritubular cappilaries —> interlobular v. —-> arcuate vein —> interlobar v. —-> lobar v. —-> renal v. —–> IFV
what are the 3 responsibilities of the nephron
1 - filtration
2- resorption
3 - secretion
what is the structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
what are the 2 parts of the nephron
- renal corpuscle (filtration)
- renal tubule (reabsorption and secretion)
where does every nephron drain to
collecting ducts
what part of the nephron does the reabsorption and secretion occur
renal tubule
what is a uriniferous tubule
nephron + collecting tubule
what are the 2 types of nephrons and how do they differ
juxtamedulary nephron - very long loop of Henle (extreme concentration of urine)
coritcal nephron - very short loop of Henle
what are the 2 components of the renal corpuscle
- glomerulus (tuft of capillaries)
- bowmans capsule
where does filtration occur
renal corpuscle
what is the bowmans capsule
double layered epithelial cup surrounding the glomerules
-
what are the 2 layers of the bowmans capsule
- visceral internal layer
- parietal external layer
where is the vascular pole in reference to the renal corpuscle
at the open end of the cup where vasculature enters and exits
where is the tubular pole in reference to the renal corpuscle
opposite the open end, where filtrate exits bowmans capsule
what are podocytes and where can they be found
simple squamous epithelial cells in visceral layer of the bowmans capsule
what are the extensions of podocytes cell bodies called ?
pedicels
what is the space b/w pedicel extensions called
filtration slit
there is a semipermeable membrane covering the pedicels and filtration space, what is it called and what specifically is too Large to pass through it
slit diaphragm, RBC to big to pass through it
what does the renal tubule (component of nephron) consist of
- Proximal convuluted tubule (PCT)
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
what part of the renal tubule is know for having a microvilli brush border giving the lumen a cloudy/fuzzy apparence
-PCT
what type of epithelial cells are found in the visceral and parietal layers of the bowmans capsule
simple squamous
what type of epithelial cells are found in the thick descending and ascending limbs of the looop of Henle
simple cuboidal epithelium
what type of epithelial cells are found in the thin descending and ascending limbs of the loop of henle
simple squamous epithelieum
both the PCT and DCT would be found where in a cross section, the cortex or medulla
renal cortex
the DCT has more or less microvilli compared to PCT
much smaller and little to no microvilli
what is the macula densa
thickened region of cells by the ascending limb
what are the juxtaglomerular cells
flat muscle cells by afferent arterioles
what makes up the juxtaglomerular apparatus and where is it found
macula densa + juxtaglomerular cells
-located in the vascular pole
what type of epithelial cells are found in the collecting ducts
simple cuboidal epithelium
what does a cross section from the collecting duct look like in relation to the PCT and DCT
larger lumen, NO microvilli so very clear
what is the drain pattern of urine starting from the collecting tubules and ending at the urethra
collecting tubules —> colelcting ducts —> papillary ducts —> minor calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis —> ureter —> urinary bladder —> urethra
what propels urine from the kidney to urinary bladder
peristalsis of the ureter
what type of epithelium would you find at the mucosa layer of the urinary bladder
transistional epithelium/urothelium
what type of epithelium would you find in the male urethra in the prostatic part , membranous part, and spongy part
prostatic - urothelium
membranous - stratified or pseudostratified collumnar
spongy - stratified or pseudostratified collumnar
what type of epithelium would you find in the female urethra
urothelium proximally then change to
-stratified squamous distally
