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Anatomy > Histology of the Urinary system > Flashcards

Histology of the Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main functions of the kidney

A
  • fliter blood
  • dispose nitrogenous wastes
  • regulate water, electrolyte, and acid/base balances
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2
Q

kidneys are where in reference to the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

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3
Q

which kidney is lower and why

A

right kidney is lower cuz of liver

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4
Q

the renal capsule is composed of how many layers ?, what are they

A

2

  • outer layer w/ lots of collagen and few fibroblasts
  • inner layer w/few collagen and lots fibroblasts
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5
Q

where is the renal papilla located and where is the base of the pyramids

A

renal papilla is apex of pyramid pointing towads hilum

-base of pyramids is facing the cortex

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6
Q

what part of the kidney are renal corpuscles located

A

renal cortex

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7
Q

one renal lobe consists of ?

A
  • renal pyramid w/ overlying cortex

- 1/2 of adj. renal collum

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8
Q

why is the glomerular bed of the kidney unusual

A
  • because it has arterioles going to and away from it (instead of just veins away from it)
  • because it has 2 capillary beds in 1 series
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9
Q

where are the arcuate arteries located

A

arching over the base of the pyramids by the cortex

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10
Q

1 afferent arteriole supplies _____ nephrons/glomeruli

A

one

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11
Q

what is the pattern of vasculature starting from the aorta and ending at the internal vena cava

A

AORTA —> renal a.—> segmental a. —> lobar a. —> interlobar a. —> arcuate a. —-> interlobular a. —-> afferent arteriole —-> GLOMERULUS —> efferent arteriole —> peritubular cappilaries —> interlobular v. —-> arcuate vein —> interlobar v. —-> lobar v. —-> renal v. —–> IFV

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12
Q

what are the 3 responsibilities of the nephron

A

1 - filtration
2- resorption
3 - secretion

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13
Q

what is the structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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14
Q

what are the 2 parts of the nephron

A
  • renal corpuscle (filtration)

- renal tubule (reabsorption and secretion)

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15
Q

where does every nephron drain to

A

collecting ducts

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16
Q

what part of the nephron does the reabsorption and secretion occur

A

renal tubule

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17
Q

what is a uriniferous tubule

A

nephron + collecting tubule

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of nephrons and how do they differ

A

juxtamedulary nephron - very long loop of Henle (extreme concentration of urine)
coritcal nephron - very short loop of Henle

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19
Q

what are the 2 components of the renal corpuscle

A
  • glomerulus (tuft of capillaries)

- bowmans capsule

20
Q

where does filtration occur

A

renal corpuscle

21
Q

what is the bowmans capsule

A

double layered epithelial cup surrounding the glomerules

-

22
Q

what are the 2 layers of the bowmans capsule

A
  • visceral internal layer

- parietal external layer

23
Q

where is the vascular pole in reference to the renal corpuscle

A

at the open end of the cup where vasculature enters and exits

24
Q

where is the tubular pole in reference to the renal corpuscle

A

opposite the open end, where filtrate exits bowmans capsule

25
Q

what are podocytes and where can they be found

A

simple squamous epithelial cells in visceral layer of the bowmans capsule

26
Q

what are the extensions of podocytes cell bodies called ?

A

pedicels

27
Q

what is the space b/w pedicel extensions called

A

filtration slit

28
Q

there is a semipermeable membrane covering the pedicels and filtration space, what is it called and what specifically is too Large to pass through it

A

slit diaphragm, RBC to big to pass through it

29
Q

what does the renal tubule (component of nephron) consist of

A
  • Proximal convuluted tubule (PCT)
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
30
Q

what part of the renal tubule is know for having a microvilli brush border giving the lumen a cloudy/fuzzy apparence

A

-PCT

31
Q

what type of epithelial cells are found in the visceral and parietal layers of the bowmans capsule

A

simple squamous

32
Q

what type of epithelial cells are found in the thick descending and ascending limbs of the looop of Henle

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

33
Q

what type of epithelial cells are found in the thin descending and ascending limbs of the loop of henle

A

simple squamous epithelieum

34
Q

both the PCT and DCT would be found where in a cross section, the cortex or medulla

A

renal cortex

35
Q

the DCT has more or less microvilli compared to PCT

A

much smaller and little to no microvilli

36
Q

what is the macula densa

A

thickened region of cells by the ascending limb

37
Q

what are the juxtaglomerular cells

A

flat muscle cells by afferent arterioles

38
Q

what makes up the juxtaglomerular apparatus and where is it found

A

macula densa + juxtaglomerular cells

-located in the vascular pole

39
Q

what type of epithelial cells are found in the collecting ducts

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

40
Q

what does a cross section from the collecting duct look like in relation to the PCT and DCT

A

larger lumen, NO microvilli so very clear

41
Q

what is the drain pattern of urine starting from the collecting tubules and ending at the urethra

A

collecting tubules —> colelcting ducts —> papillary ducts —> minor calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis —> ureter —> urinary bladder —> urethra

42
Q

what propels urine from the kidney to urinary bladder

A

peristalsis of the ureter

43
Q

what type of epithelium would you find at the mucosa layer of the urinary bladder

A

transistional epithelium/urothelium

44
Q

what type of epithelium would you find in the male urethra in the prostatic part , membranous part, and spongy part

A

prostatic - urothelium
membranous - stratified or pseudostratified collumnar
spongy - stratified or pseudostratified collumnar

45
Q

what type of epithelium would you find in the female urethra

A

urothelium proximally then change to

-stratified squamous distally

Anatomy (35 decks)

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