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Anatomy > Diaphragm, Kidneys, & Posterior Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys, & Posterior Abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

at what spinal level is the caval opening in the diaphragm ? what goes through there

A

T8 - IVC

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2
Q

at what spinal level is the abdominal hiatus and what goes through there

A

T10 - esophagus

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3
Q

at what spinal level is the aortic hiatus and what goes through there ?

A

T12 - abdominal aorta

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4
Q

where does the phrenic nerve supply and where does it originate

A

supplies motor and some sensory to diaphragm

-originates at C3-C5

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5
Q

what is the difference b/w paralysis of diaphragmatic respiration and paralysis hemidiaphragm

A

paralysis hemidiaphragm only half of the diaphragm is affected
-will not contract during inspiration thus remains high (diaphragm goes down when contracting/inspiration)

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6
Q

what does the median arcuate ligament arch over ?

A

arches over the abdominal aorta

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7
Q

what do the 2 medial arcuate ligaments arch over ?

A

psoas minor m. and psoas major m.

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8
Q

what do the 2 lateral arcuate ligaments arch over ?

A

quadratus and lumborum mm

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9
Q

what vasculature supplies the superior surface of the diaphragm ?

A

pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa.

-via internal thoracic and thoracic aorta

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10
Q

what vasculature supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm

A

inferior phrenic a.

-via abdominal aorta

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11
Q

what vasculature supplies the periphery of the diaphragm ?

A

musculophrenic a.

-via internal thoracic a.

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12
Q

what is the difference in location of the superior pole’s of the Right and left kidneys

A

R superior pole at 12th rib

L superior pole at 11th rib (more superior)

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13
Q

where do the kidneys ascend from during development

A

ascend from the pelvis

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14
Q

where are the kidneys located in reference to the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

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15
Q

which renal artery is longer ? why

A

Right renal artery b/c it passes posterior to IVC

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16
Q

which renal vein is longer ? why ?

A

Left renal vein b/c it passes anterior to abdominal aorta

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17
Q

what is the outer 1/3 of the kidney called, inner 2/3 ?

A

outer 1/3 is renal cortex

inner 2/3 is renal medulla

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18
Q

explain the drainage of urine in the kidney starting from the renal pyramid

A

pyramids to renal papillae to minor calyces to major calyces

—-> renal pelvis —-> ureter —–> bladder —-> urethra

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19
Q

the ureters cross what muscle as they descend to the urinary bladder

A

cross psoas major m. running obliquley posterior to gonadal arteries

20
Q

the ureters recieve arterial blodd from 4 sources, what are they starting most superior?

A
  • renal a.
  • gonadal aa.
  • abdominal aorta
  • internal iliac a.
21
Q

what is a intravenous urogram and what is it used for

A

test which allows to visualize the ureters and urinary bladder for location of stones

22
Q

kidney stones are also called _____ and produced where ?

A

calculi, formed in the kidney

23
Q

explain calculi referred pain

A

referred pain changes as stone descends down ureter

24
Q

where are the adrenal glands and what is the difference b/w the right and left glands

A

they are on top of kidney (suprarenal)

  • Right is triangular
  • Left is semilunar shape
25
Q

what is the difference in function of the adrenal cortex vs. the adrenal medulla

A 
adrenal cortex (outer part) - produces hormones/steroids
adrenal medulla (inner) - acts as a sympathetic ganglion
26
Q

what are the 3 sources of suprarenal arteries that supply the adrenal gland

A

superior suprarenal - branch of inferior phrenic a.
middle suprarenal - branch of abdominal aorta
inferior suprarenal - branch of renal a.

27
Q

why is the adrenal gland so well vascularized

A

because of its endocrine function

28
Q

at what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate

A

L4

29
Q

what arteries supply the posterior abdominal wall

A

4 pairs of lumbar arteries

30
Q

there are 6 muscles that make up the posterior abdominal wall, can you name them ?

A
  • transversus abdominus
  • quadratus lumborum
  • psoas major
  • psoas mior
  • iliacus
  • diaphragm
31
Q

what is the nerve that supplies motor and sensory innervation to the anterior and lateral abdominal wall

A

subcostal n. (most superior)

32
Q

at what spinal level does the subcostal n. originate

A

T12

33
Q

what 2 nerves that run together supply motor and sensory innervation to the abdominal muscles and descends anterior to quadratus lumborum

A

Iliohypogastric (usually superior)

Ilioinguinal

34
Q

what specific region does the iliohypogastric nerve supply

A

skin of the suprapubic region

35
Q

what nerve pierces and descends anterior to the psoas major muscle

A

genitofemoral n.

36
Q

what spinal level do the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn. originate from

A

L1

37
Q

what does the genitofemoral nerve bifurcate into ?

A

gental branch and femoral branch

38
Q

wt what spinal level does the genitofemoral n. originate from ?

A

L1-L2

39
Q

what nerve descends anterior to the iliacus m. and deep to the inguinal ring ?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous n.

40
Q

what spinal level does the lateral femoral cutaneous n. originate from and what does it supply

A

L2-L3

-supplies anterior and lateral thigh

41
Q

the femoral n. originates at what spinal level and runs b/w what 2 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall ?

A
  • L2-L4

- runs b/w the iliacus and psoas major mm.

42
Q

what does the femoral n. innervate

A

motor and sensory to the anterior thigh

43
Q

what does the obturator n. innervate

A

motor and sensory to the medial thigh

44
Q

where does the obturator n. originate ? where is it located in reference to the psoas major mm.

A
  • L2-L4

- runs medial and deep to psoas major mm.

45
Q

what is the name of the plexus that crosses over the ala (wings) of the sacrum ? what spinal level does it originate at ?

A

lumbosacral trunk

-L4-L5

Anatomy (35 decks)

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