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Anatomy > Heart Development > Flashcards

Heart Development Flashcards

1
Q

at what week does heart development begin

A

week 3

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2
Q

the first sign of heart formation is a solid horseshoe shaped endothelial cord within the _____________

A

cardiogenic mesoderm

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3
Q

cardiogenic mesoderm is derived from what type of mesoderm

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

describe the heart formation process known as vasculogenesis

A

angioblasts form cell clusters which turn into islands lined with endothelial cells, which form channels that fuse = solid horseshoe endothelial cord

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5
Q

when does the solid horseshoe shaped endothelial cord start to canalize

A

week 4

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6
Q

prior to the head fold, where is the primordial heart tube in reference to the opopharyngeal membrane

A

heart is rostral

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7
Q

what causes the formation of the horseshoe shaped endothelial cord to become the primordial heart tube (endocardial tube)

A

lateral body folding causes endothelial cord to fuse at the midline

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8
Q

what causes the primardial heart tube to move caudal to the oropharyngeal membrane

A

cranial caudal folding (head fold)

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9
Q

where is the primordial heart tube in reference to the pericardial cavity before and after head folding

A

before - ventral to pericardial cavity

after - dorsal to pericardial cavity

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10
Q

what vessel delivers oxygen to the fetal primordail heart from the mother ?

A

umbilical vein and cardinal vein

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11
Q

what is the function of the umbilical arteries in fetal circulation

A

output of deoxygenated blood back to mother

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12
Q

how oxygenated is the blood of the umbilical a. and v. in fetal circulation

A

umbilical v - partially deoxy

umbilical a. completely deoxygenated

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13
Q

what is the mesentary the suspends the primordial heart tube, when does this degenerate, and what does it form/become

A

dorsal mesocardium

  • degenerates at day 22-28
  • becomes transverse pericardial sinus in adult heart (known as the great vessel area)
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14
Q

what are the layers of the primitive heart tube from deep to superficial

A
  • endocardium
  • cardiac jelly
  • myocardium (cardiac m.)
  • epicardium (visceral pericardium_
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15
Q

as the heart tube elongates craniocaudally it forms dilations and constrictions. What are the 4 from dilations cranial to caudal

A
  • Bulbus cordis
  • primordial ventricle
  • primordial atrium
  • sinus venosus
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16
Q

what are the 2 components of the bulbus cordis and what do they become in the adult heart

A
  • truncus arteriosus —-> pulmonary trunk and aorta

- conus cordis —-> right ventricle

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17
Q

what does the primordial ventricle become in the adult heart

A

left ventricle

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18
Q

what does thr primordial atrium become in the adult heart

A
  • R and L auricles

- portions of atria

19
Q

what does the sinus venosus become in the adult heart

A

coronary sinus and sinus venarum

20
Q

what are the 2 main constrictions in the elongating heart tube during development, and what do the become in the adult heart

A
  • bulboventricular sulcus —> primary interventricular foramen
  • atrioventricular sulcus —> atrioventricular canal
21
Q

when does the heart begin to beat

A

day 22 or 23

22
Q

explain the orientation of how the cranial loop forms from the elongated heart tube, when does this occur

A

cranial end shifts ventral, caudal and to the right

caudal end shifts dorsal and superiorly

23
Q

the formation of the the heart loop all occurs with the ________ cavity

A

pericardial

24
Q

explain the path of circulation through the primordial heart starting at the sinus venosus

A

sinus venosus —> primordial atrium —> atrioventricular canal —> primordial ventricle (left ventricle) —-> interventicular foramen —-> right ventricle —-> conus cordis —> truncus arteriosus —> aortic sac —> pharyngeal arches —> dorsal aortae

25
Q

when does the partitioning of the heart occur (partitioning into seperate atria and ventricles)

A

week 4-7

26
Q

in the partitioning of the heart, what cells near the atrioventricular canal revert back to the mesenchymal state and proliferate, and why is this importnant

A

endothelial cells

-proliferation causes endocardium to bulge forming dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions

27
Q

what is the importance of the dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions

A

As cushions get bigger they fuse forming the

-atrioventricular septum

28
Q

once the atriooventricular septum is formed from the endocardial cushions, what remains to allow for circulation to continue

A

separate R and L atrioventricular canals

29
Q

in partitioning of the atrium, what are the original two septa that fuse to form the interatrial septum

A
  • septum primum

- septum secundum

30
Q

of the septum of the interatrial septum, which develops first, and where does it develop from

A

septum primum

-develops from roof of primordial atrium like a moon crescent coming down

31
Q

as septum primum continues to grow inferiorly it will fuse with ____________.

A

endocardial cushion

32
Q

what is the opening left b/w septum primum and the endocardial cushions after fusion occurs

A

foramen primum

33
Q

how does foramen secundum form ?

A

As perforations in septum primum

34
Q

where is foramen secundum located in reference to foramen primum

A

cranial or higher than foramen primum

35
Q

how does foramen ovale form ?

A

As septum secundum grows inferiorly to fuse w/endocardial cushions, it leaves an opening called foramen ovale

36
Q

where does septum primum grow in relation to septum secundum

A

septum secundum grows to the right of primum, and grows much thicker

37
Q

Blood circulation in the fetus after partitioning has occured flows strictly from R to L atria b/c it can avoid the pulmonary circuit. What 2 openings does blood flow through to do this ?

A

Goes R to L thorugh foramen ovale and foramen secundum

38
Q

when does foramen primum close ?

A

gradually closes off as foramen secundum forms

39
Q

when does the pulmonary bypass STOP ?

A

First breath of baby

40
Q

After birth and the first breath, what happens to foramen ovale ?

A

Pressure in L atria exceeds R atria so by force foramen ovale is fused against septum secundum and it closes off.
-Becomes fossa ovalis

41
Q

what is fossa ovalis

A

depression in wall of adult R atria - remmnant of foramen ovale in primordial circulation

42
Q

what are the portions of the interventricular septum and what is the role of each

A

muscular portion - grows cranially towards endothelial cushions but doesnt fuse
membranous portion - fuses

43
Q

where is the membranous portion of the interventricular septum derived from ?

A

mesenchyme of the endocardial cushion tissue

44
Q

what is the most commom congenital heart defect

A

ventricular septal defect

  • failure of interventricular septum to form
  • results in mixing of arterial and venous blood*

Anatomy (35 decks)

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