respiratory system 2 Flashcards
what is part of the upper respiratory system ?
- Upper: Nose, nasal passages,
paranasal sinuses, pharynx and
portion of the larynx above the
vocal cords
what is part of the lower respiratory system ?
Lower: Larynx below vocal cords,
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and
lungs
what are the main functions of the respiratory system ?
- moves oxygen from the outside
environment into your body. - removes carbon dioxide and water from
your body. - lungs main site for gas exchange
- site for immune system reactions and
functions – provides protection
What is external respiration ?
exchange of gases (Oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the blood
what is internal respiration ?
exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluids
what are the four stages of aerobic respiration ?
glycolysis
link reaction
krebs cycle
electron transfer chain
where does glycolysis occur ?
cytoplasm
where does link reaction occur ?
matrix of mitochondria
where does krebs cycle occur ?
matrix of mitochondria
where does electron transfer chain occur ?
crista of inner membrane of mitochondria
does glycolysis need oxygen ?
no
does link reaction need oxygen ?
yes
does kerbs cycle need oxygen ?
yes
does electron transfer chain need oxygen ?
yes
what happens in glycolysis ?
- glucose is converted into pyruvic acid
-hydrogen is removed and is passed to the electron carriers
what in the link reaction ?
-pyruvate enters mitochondrion
-is decarboxylated and dehydrogenated
- combines with coenzyme A to produce actylcoenzyme A
-Hydrogen is removed and passed to electron carriers
what happens in kerb cycle ?
- hydrogen is passed to electron carriers
- carbon dioxide is removed
- reagents are regenerated
what happens in the electron transfer chain ?
- hydrogen from glycolysis and krebs cycle is split to release electrons
- these pass through carriers and generate ATP
- Hydrogen reforms and combined with oxygen to release water
describe anaerobic respiration in yeast
- pyruvate is decarboxylated to produce ethenal
-Ethenal accepts hydrogen from NAD and forms ethanol .
- releases NAD to be reused in glycolysis
- conversion of pyruvic acid to ethanol with release of carbon dioxide
describe aerobic respiration in mammals
- pyruvate accepts the hydrogen from NAD
- is reduced to lactate
-NAD is a available for further use in glycolysis
what are the reactants in anaerobic respiration ?
glucose
what is the reactants in aerobic respiration ?
glucose and oxygen
is anaerobic respiration complete or incomplete combustion ?
incomplete
is aerobic respiration complete or incomplete combustion ?
complete
how many ATP does anaerobic respiration yield ?
2
how many ATP does aerobic respiration yield ?
36 - 38
what are the products anaerobic respiration ?
animals = lactic acid
yeast = ethanol and carbon dioxide
what are some of the products of aerobic respiration ?
carbon dioxide and water
where does anaerobic respiration occur ?
cytoplasm
where does aerobic respiration occur ?
cytoplasm and mitochondrion
what happens when there is no oxygen ?
Hypoxia
what are some signs of early oxygen deprivation ?
changes in heart rate
decreased circulation in hands or feet
parts of body turning blue
fainting
unable to think clearly
what are some determinants of respiratory health ?
age , sex and hereditary factors
lifestyle factors
social community networks
living and working conditions
childhood infections
