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science for medicine > respiratory system 2 > Flashcards

respiratory system 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is part of the upper respiratory system ?

A
  • Upper: Nose, nasal passages,
    paranasal sinuses, pharynx and
    portion of the larynx above the
    vocal cords
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2
Q

what is part of the lower respiratory system ?

A

Lower: Larynx below vocal cords,
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and
lungs

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3
Q

what are the main functions of the respiratory system ?

A
  • moves oxygen from the outside
    environment into your body.
  • removes carbon dioxide and water from
    your body.
  • lungs main site for gas exchange
  • site for immune system reactions and
    functions – provides protection
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4
Q

What is external respiration ?

A

exchange of gases (Oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the blood

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5
Q

what is internal respiration ?

A

exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluids

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6
Q

what are the four stages of aerobic respiration ?

A

glycolysis
link reaction
krebs cycle
electron transfer chain

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7
Q

where does glycolysis occur ?

A

cytoplasm

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8
Q

where does link reaction occur ?

A

matrix of mitochondria

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9
Q

where does krebs cycle occur ?

A

matrix of mitochondria

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10
Q

where does electron transfer chain occur ?

A

crista of inner membrane of mitochondria

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11
Q

does glycolysis need oxygen ?

A

no

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12
Q

does link reaction need oxygen ?

A

yes

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13
Q

does kerbs cycle need oxygen ?

A

yes

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14
Q

does electron transfer chain need oxygen ?

A

yes

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15
Q

what happens in glycolysis ?

A
  • glucose is converted into pyruvic acid

-hydrogen is removed and is passed to the electron carriers

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16
Q

what in the link reaction ?

A

-pyruvate enters mitochondrion

-is decarboxylated and dehydrogenated

  • combines with coenzyme A to produce actylcoenzyme A

-Hydrogen is removed and passed to electron carriers

17
Q

what happens in kerb cycle ?

A
  • hydrogen is passed to electron carriers
  • carbon dioxide is removed
  • reagents are regenerated
18
Q

what happens in the electron transfer chain ?

A
  • hydrogen from glycolysis and krebs cycle is split to release electrons
  • these pass through carriers and generate ATP
  • Hydrogen reforms and combined with oxygen to release water
19
Q

describe anaerobic respiration in yeast

A
  • pyruvate is decarboxylated to produce ethenal

-Ethenal accepts hydrogen from NAD and forms ethanol .

  • releases NAD to be reused in glycolysis
  • conversion of pyruvic acid to ethanol with release of carbon dioxide
20
Q

describe aerobic respiration in mammals

A
  • pyruvate accepts the hydrogen from NAD
  • is reduced to lactate

-NAD is a available for further use in glycolysis

21
Q

what are the reactants in anaerobic respiration ?

A

glucose

22
Q

what is the reactants in aerobic respiration ?

A

glucose and oxygen

23
Q

is anaerobic respiration complete or incomplete combustion ?

A

incomplete

24
Q

is aerobic respiration complete or incomplete combustion ?

A

complete

25
Q

how many ATP does anaerobic respiration yield ?

A

2

26
Q

how many ATP does aerobic respiration yield ?

A

36 - 38

27
Q

what are the products anaerobic respiration ?

A

animals = lactic acid
yeast = ethanol and carbon dioxide

28
Q

what are some of the products of aerobic respiration ?

A

carbon dioxide and water

29
Q

where does anaerobic respiration occur ?

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

where does aerobic respiration occur ?

A

cytoplasm and mitochondrion

31
Q

what happens when there is no oxygen ?

A

Hypoxia

32
Q

what are some signs of early oxygen deprivation ?

A

changes in heart rate
decreased circulation in hands or feet
parts of body turning blue
fainting
unable to think clearly

33
Q

what are some determinants of respiratory health ?

A

age , sex and hereditary factors

lifestyle factors

social community networks

living and working conditions

childhood infections

science for medicine (16 decks)

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