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science for medicine > Body systems > Flashcards

Body systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cell?

A

Smallest building block of the body

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2
Q

What is a tissue ?

A

A group of cells that all do the same job

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3
Q

What is an organ system ?

A

A set of organs that do one of the bodies main jobs

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3
Q

What is a organ?

A

A group of tissues that all do the same job

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4
Q

What is a body ?

A

The whole organism

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5
Q

What are the msin components of the cardiovascular system ?

A
  • Main components:
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
  • Venules
  • Arterioles
  • Blood
  • Red Blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets and clotting factors
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6
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system ?

A
  • Transport of gases, cells, nutrients and waste products around the body
  • Helps maintain homeostasis and thermoregulation
  • Maintain fluid balance within the body
  • Disease protection and healing (transportation of WBC throughout the body
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7
Q

What are the main components of the respiratory system ?

A
  • Mouth
  • Nose
  • Epiglottis
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Lungs
  • Bronchi
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8
Q

What are the main functions of the respiratory system ?

A
  • Main site for gas exchange
  • Pulmonary protection/defense
  • Acid-base balance
  • Phonation
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9
Q

What are the main components of the endocrine system?

A
  • Pancreas
  • Glands (pituitary, pineal, thymus, adrenal, thyroid)
  • Reproductive organs (ovaries and testis)
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10
Q

What are the main functions of the endocrine system ?

A
  • Maintain a stable environment within the body (homeostasis)
  • The hormones also help the body to regulate:
  • Growth
  • Sexual development
  • Metabolism
  • Sugar, salt and fluid levels in the blood
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11
Q

what do each of these glands do :
pituitary
pineal
thyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovary
testes

A

pituitary = helps regulate other glands
pineal = involved in producing melatonin
thyroid = regulates body metabolism
adrenal = produces adrenaline to help with crisis
pancreas = produces insulin , helps gets energy from food
ovary = produces estrogen and progesterone
testes = produces testosterone [ type of androgen ]

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12
Q

What are the main components of the nervous system ?

A

Consists of:
* Brain
* Spinal cord
* Complex system of nerves
* Different types of neurons - myelinated and unmyelinated
* Relies on signaling to control bodily functions
* Responds to stimuli

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13
Q

what is the main purpose of the nervous system ?

A
  • Receiving, interpreting, processing and sending messages or signals to body
  • Responds to external stimuli
  • Control homeostasis and bodily functions
  • Spinal cord is responsible for spinal reflexes
  • Brain is responsible for higher level executive functioning and decision making
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14
Q

What is the main components of the gastrointestinal system ?

A

Main components:
* Mouth
* Oesophagus
* Stomach
* Intestines
* Pancreas
* Liver
* Gall bladder
* Rectum

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15
Q

what are the main functions of the gastrointestinal system ?

A
  • Digest and breakdown food into small molecules
  • Ingestion
  • Secretion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Excretion
  • Waste produced from digestion are excreted
16
Q

what are the main components of the urogenital system ?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Urinary bladder
  • Ureters and urethra
  • Genitals
  • Testes
  • Ovaries
17
Q

what are the main functions of the urogenital system ?

A
  • Responsible for the formation, storage and elimination of urine
  • Removal of waste products of protein metabolism and other harmful substances
  • Helps to control amounts of water and salts to help maintain the internal environment of the body
  • Reproduction
18
Q

What musculosketal system consist of ?

A
  • Bones
  • Tendons – connect bones to muscles
  • Ligaments – connect bone to bone
  • Cartilage – protects and offers flexibility
19
Q

what are main function and purpose of musculoskeletal system ?

A
  • Muscles control all movements of the body tissues, organs and bones
  • Skeletal system provides shape and support
    Musculoskeletal System
20
Q

what are the main function of the skeleton ?

A
  • Movement
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Production of blood cells
  • Storage
  • Endocrine regulation
21
Q

what are the main functions of muscles ?

A
  • Enable movement
  • Skeletal muscle - maintain posture
  • Cardiac muscle - involuntary control e.g., heartbeat and blood circulation
  • Smooth muscle - involuntary movement e.g., breathing and digestion
22
Q

what are the main component of the lymphatic systems ?

A
  • Bone marrow
  • Spleen
  • Thymus gland
  • Lymph nodes
  • Tonsils
23
Q

what is the functions of the lymphatic systems ?

A
  • Filtrate foreign particles and waste products from the tissues
  • An extensive drainage network that helps keep bodily fluid levels in balance and defends the body
    against infections
24
Q

what are the main components of the immune system ?

A
  • Cellular components:
  • Stem cells
  • B-Cells
  • Cytotoxic T-cells
  • Helper T-cells
  • Plasma Cells
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes
  • Red Blood Cells
  • Platelets
  • Dendritic Cells
    I
  • Organs:
  • Thymus
  • Liver
  • Bone marrow
  • Tonsils
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Blood
25
Q

what is the main functions of the immune system ?

A
  • Protect against pathogenic organisms
  • Whole host of specialised cells that act to protect from pathogens to prevent infections
  • Provides two levels of defence
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
26
Q

what is innate immunity?

A

Hosts first line of defensive
mechanism is fast [ minutes to hours to develop ]

27
Q

what cells are involved in innate immunity ?

A

basophil = type of white blood cell

eosinophil = releases toxic chemicals and proteins

neutrophil = helps fight infection

mast cell = fights infection and regulate organs

natural killer cell = white blood cell that destroys infected cells and cancer cells in the body

28
Q

what is adaptive immunity ?

A

takes a few days or weeks to develop

29
Q

what cells are involved in adaptive immunity ?

A

B cells =protects agains infections by making protein called antibodies

T cells =fights infections

science for medicine (16 decks)

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