Body systems Flashcards
what is a cell?
Smallest building block of the body
What is a tissue ?
A group of cells that all do the same job
What is an organ system ?
A set of organs that do one of the bodies main jobs
What is a organ?
A group of tissues that all do the same job
What is a body ?
The whole organism
What are the msin components of the cardiovascular system ?
- Main components:
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Arterioles
- Blood
- Red Blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets and clotting factors
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system ?
- Transport of gases, cells, nutrients and waste products around the body
- Helps maintain homeostasis and thermoregulation
- Maintain fluid balance within the body
- Disease protection and healing (transportation of WBC throughout the body
What are the main components of the respiratory system ?
- Mouth
- Nose
- Epiglottis
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Lungs
- Bronchi
What are the main functions of the respiratory system ?
- Main site for gas exchange
- Pulmonary protection/defense
- Acid-base balance
- Phonation
What are the main components of the endocrine system?
- Pancreas
- Glands (pituitary, pineal, thymus, adrenal, thyroid)
- Reproductive organs (ovaries and testis)
What are the main functions of the endocrine system ?
- Maintain a stable environment within the body (homeostasis)
- The hormones also help the body to regulate:
- Growth
- Sexual development
- Metabolism
- Sugar, salt and fluid levels in the blood
what do each of these glands do :
pituitary
pineal
thyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovary
testes
pituitary = helps regulate other glands
pineal = involved in producing melatonin
thyroid = regulates body metabolism
adrenal = produces adrenaline to help with crisis
pancreas = produces insulin , helps gets energy from food
ovary = produces estrogen and progesterone
testes = produces testosterone [ type of androgen ]
What are the main components of the nervous system ?
Consists of:
* Brain
* Spinal cord
* Complex system of nerves
* Different types of neurons - myelinated and unmyelinated
* Relies on signaling to control bodily functions
* Responds to stimuli
what is the main purpose of the nervous system ?
- Receiving, interpreting, processing and sending messages or signals to body
- Responds to external stimuli
- Control homeostasis and bodily functions
- Spinal cord is responsible for spinal reflexes
- Brain is responsible for higher level executive functioning and decision making
What is the main components of the gastrointestinal system ?
Main components:
* Mouth
* Oesophagus
* Stomach
* Intestines
* Pancreas
* Liver
* Gall bladder
* Rectum
what are the main functions of the gastrointestinal system ?
- Digest and breakdown food into small molecules
- Ingestion
- Secretion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Excretion
- Waste produced from digestion are excreted
what are the main components of the urogenital system ?
- Kidneys
- Urinary bladder
- Ureters and urethra
- Genitals
- Testes
- Ovaries
what are the main functions of the urogenital system ?
- Responsible for the formation, storage and elimination of urine
- Removal of waste products of protein metabolism and other harmful substances
- Helps to control amounts of water and salts to help maintain the internal environment of the body
- Reproduction
What musculosketal system consist of ?
- Bones
- Tendons – connect bones to muscles
- Ligaments – connect bone to bone
- Cartilage – protects and offers flexibility
what are main function and purpose of musculoskeletal system ?
- Muscles control all movements of the body tissues, organs and bones
- Skeletal system provides shape and support
Musculoskeletal System
what are the main function of the skeleton ?
- Movement
- Support
- Protection
- Production of blood cells
- Storage
- Endocrine regulation
what are the main functions of muscles ?
- Enable movement
- Skeletal muscle - maintain posture
- Cardiac muscle - involuntary control e.g., heartbeat and blood circulation
- Smooth muscle - involuntary movement e.g., breathing and digestion
what are the main component of the lymphatic systems ?
- Bone marrow
- Spleen
- Thymus gland
- Lymph nodes
- Tonsils
what is the functions of the lymphatic systems ?
- Filtrate foreign particles and waste products from the tissues
- An extensive drainage network that helps keep bodily fluid levels in balance and defends the body
against infections
what are the main components of the immune system ?
- Cellular components:
- Stem cells
- B-Cells
- Cytotoxic T-cells
- Helper T-cells
- Plasma Cells
- Immunoglobulins
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Red Blood Cells
- Platelets
- Dendritic Cells
I - Organs:
- Thymus
- Liver
- Bone marrow
- Tonsils
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Blood
what is the main functions of the immune system ?
- Protect against pathogenic organisms
- Whole host of specialised cells that act to protect from pathogens to prevent infections
- Provides two levels of defence
- Innate immunity
- Adaptive immunity
what is innate immunity?
Hosts first line of defensive
mechanism is fast [ minutes to hours to develop ]
what cells are involved in innate immunity ?
basophil = type of white blood cell
eosinophil = releases toxic chemicals and proteins
neutrophil = helps fight infection
mast cell = fights infection and regulate organs
natural killer cell = white blood cell that destroys infected cells and cancer cells in the body
what is adaptive immunity ?
takes a few days or weeks to develop
what cells are involved in adaptive immunity ?
B cells =protects agains infections by making protein called antibodies
T cells =fights infections
